My Favorite Kind of Vague :: Personal Narrative Jealousy Envy Essays

My Favorite Kind of Vague When dreams mix with realities its 2 oclock on a Sunday morning, and no one is awake but you, scribbling on a notebook pad behind the bathroom door, laborious to grasp how something so mild, how heartwarming, could be converted by its counterpart. I read this book last summer, it was required reading, everyone told me it was horrible. The book takes place in the south at this boys boarding school called Devon during the summer session, in it Gene, this guy with a terrible signified of self and an even worse self-esteem, engages in a codependent relationship with the magnificent athlete Phineas. Everyone loves Finny, hes charming, hes naive, hes everything Gene isnt. So anyway, Gene is jealous of Phineas, although theyre surpass friends, so he develops this concept of Finny beingness jealous of him, justifying the hatred he develops for him. It becomes apparent that Phineas isnt at all jealous Genes, consumed with envy, and pushes Finny out of the head t hey used to jump out of together, essentially killing his best friend. Its strange how literary life parallels life so perfectly sometimes. But it rightfully is a good book, I recommend it. But who am I? Well, allow me to introduce myself. Im Beth. Some may accuse me of being antisocial, but Im not. I mean, sure, I get calls all the time, but theyre for homework help and advice on weak poetry. Its not that I mind it its just that I dont exactly enjoy it. When I was in seventh grade, I cracked a book open at my fathers library, you should probably know hes a librarian. It was called Popularity in 100 steps. I remember a few guidelines from it Be nice to others, that means listening to them, and giving good advice another was Try not to be pessimistic, another Use your fashion sense and then the big 100 was Be yourself. Well, Id been being myself for 16 godforsaken years, and it was time for a change. I met her in a hallway, at the time squirming at her singing, her faade of giddines s. She could have authored the awe-inspiring Popularity in 100 steps, her life was based around its rules. She was happy then, happier than shes ever been since, we hadnt exchange words, yet, I was just a nametag, and she was just the ringmaster of a group of 30 boys.

The Knowing Psychical Body :: Psychology Psychological Papers

The Knowing Psychical BodyABSTRACT By offering 4 epistemological structures as guidelines, I will review the relationships as described by Freud between internal and external perceptions, conversion, and over-determination. In doing so, I have speculated that a second preconscious dynamic should be recognized as functioning within this system, namely the psychical body. The activity of this preconscious psychical body promises to resolve the aporias that arise in Freuds work concerning the role of internal perceptions in the processes of conversion and over-determination. In the end, I show that the positing of an imaginary, psychical body is the means by which the arguably intuitive, internal perceptions which Freud at times refers to as sensations and feelings are expressed according to the logic of imagination. The unconscious has access to a wealth of knowledge, and it is not expressed in a flesh we have come to expect truth to be in, i.e. following rational logic. But rather, it is a direction, an unconscious motion, that can be described to be more of an affect than a statement and is epistemologic all in ally the function of intuition resulting from a repressed logic. In the end, I show that the positing of a psychical body is the means by which, the arguably intuitive, internal perceptions that Freud at times refers to as sensations and feelings are expressed according to a repressed logic.First I will outline cardinal possible ways of knowing. The first two belong to the realm of reason and, I will argue, occur at the level of a well-defined ego. within the parameters of reason, one finds the mode of knowing which is common and well-known, that of rational, scientific, observation which concerns itself with moving bodies and their respective fundamental interaction within the realm of the visible in the sense employed by Merleau-Ponty. The second mode is what is known as abstract, rational, thinking, and here the individual is interested in the in teraction of abstract bodies. The force behind this method of knowing resides in the abstracted bodies, which are extrapolations of what one once observed in the first mode of knowing. With regard to the two modes of rational knowledge, we see the individual observing the interaction of a plurality of bodies, for rationality operates on the assumption that the smallest number is two, (1) that is, rational logic are based on a binary system. Within this realm, all comparisons and observations need to be performed under standardized, regulated conditions, i.

Effects of British Colonization on Zimbabwe Women Essay -- Essays Pape

The Effects of British Colonization on Zimbabwe WomenThe British began their colonization of Zimbabwe in 1890 as part of their project of capitalist expansion and world domination. compound expansion was a means of complete control of territories and furthered the expansion of their capitalist political economy. Africa provided the British with slaves, minerals, and raw materials to help them in their capitalist development. To help withstand capitalist expansion, the British asserted colonial discourse of power and superiority over the colonized. This discourse, or a system of representation, provided a way for the British to get a position that the West was a superior civilization. In such a discourse the British were able to impose their cultural beliefs, particularly beliefs virtually gender, on the people they colonized. The imposition of colonial discourse, therefore, greatly affected colonized women. In her somewhat autobiographical novel Nervous Conditions, Tsitsi Dangarem bga shows us how the women in Rhodesia, this instant called Zimbabwe, were affected by this colonization by the British. Through different female characters, she shows us how colonization alienated women physically and psychologically through the lack of education, poverty, and delegating to the private sphere. Her novel not only tells about the effects of colonization but also emphasizes that women, despite restrictive gender roles, can develop the particular awareness, determination and strength to fight against their alienation and emancipate themselves from the restrictions of colonial discourse.Before the British came to Zimbabwe, the family worked together as a tribe to help provide for everyone in that family and keep each other above high water. Every me... ...talism, discourse, and patriarchy. After watching her female family members and taking note of everything they experience, and using the opportunities she earns and gains from an education, Tambu is able to educat e herself with the critical awareness and strength to emancipate herself and overcome the burdens of gender and alienation of colonization of Zimbabwe. After reading the novel, Nervous Conditions and doing research, I have learned that the colonization of Zimbabwe labored the women of Zimbabwe into very hard roles to play. I have learned that through these processes of colonization, capitalism, discourse, patriarchy, and as a result alienation, women were, as Maria Mies puts it, externalized, declared to be outside cultivated society, pushed down, and thus made invisible as the under-water part of an iceberg is invisible, yet constitute the base of the whole.

Response to the Front Kick :: essays research papers

LINE Training 2 Response to the Front KickThe purpose of this text file is to provide the reader with a clear explanation of the maneuvers contained in Series 2 of Marine Corps LINE Training. LINE stands for Linear Infighting Neuro-override Engagement. It is based on the principle of using the brains involuntary reactions to traumatic injury to gain an advantage over an opponent. Despite its brutality, the technique is intended only to be used for self-defense. All LINE tactics begin with a quick reversal, followed by a softening blow to cause some form of trauma, and wherefore end with a killing blow.MATERIALSBecause this will be an unarmed combat exercise, no extra materials will be necessary other than a voluntary opponent to assist with the maneuver.PROCEDURE1.Assuming that the opponent is kicking with the right leg, and that you be standing to face to face with him, quickly roll on the balls of your feet until you are facing nearly 45 degrees to the right of your original position. This should place you out of the path of the attack so that you could watch your opponents backside go by you.2.Strike the side of their foot with both of your palms. The force of the blow, combined with their momentum, should be sufficient enough to spin your opponent away from you. You should now be standing behind him.3.Close the distance between you and your opponent by grabbing their shoulders. Move quickly to take advantage of their lack of balance. Place your right foot against the back of their left knee and then step forward and down onto it. . Use your weight to force him to his knees. If done properly, this should break the patella, tear the cartilage in the knee, and possibly cause serious tendon and ligament damage as well. This is the softening blow. 4.Stand quickly and stabilize your opponent by placing your right mass on his right shoulder. You should still be behind him. Using your left hand, place your palm on the top of his head and sink your fingers i nto his eye sockets. Simultaneously dent and lift upwards with your fingers, until his chin is high enough to expose his throat. 5.Release your right hand, close it into a fist and raise it into the air. Gouge the fingers of your left hand deeper into the eyes to keep your opponent incapacitated and strike downwards in a hammer-blow motion, using the side of your fist.

Christianity Essay -- essays research papers fc

Christianity religion was founded in Palestine by the followers of Jesus. One of the worlds major(ip) religions, it predominates in Europe and the Americas, where it has been a powerful historical force and cultural influence, but it too claims adherents in virtually every country of the world.Central Beliefs The interchange teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of god, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Latin Trinity is define as threefoldness, key doctrine in Christianity, by which God is considered as existing in three persons. While the doctrine is not explicitly taught in the New Testament, primordial Christian communities testified to a perception that Jesus was God in the flesh the idea of the Trinity has been inferred from the Gospel of St. John. The developed doctrine of the Trinity purports that God exists in three coequal and coeternal elementsGod the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spi rit. (LaCunga 360) It sees these persons as constituted by their mutual relations, yet does not mean that God in his essence is Father, or a male deity. Jesus spoke of a relation of mutual giving and love with the Father, which believers could also enjoy through the Spirit. Christians also believe that Jesus life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection and ascension into heaven are proof of Gods love for humanity and Gods tenderness of human sins and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life. This teaching is embodied in the Bible, specifically in the New Testament, but Christians accept also the Old Testament as sacred and authoritative Scripture (Weaver 5). Christian ethics derive to a braggart(a) extent from the Jewish tradition as presented in the Old Testament, (Carmody, Christian Ethics 15) particularly the Ten Commandments, but with some difference of interpretation establish on the practice and teachings of Jesus. Christianity may be further generall y defined in terms of its practice of corporate worship and rights that usually include the hold of sacraments and that are usually conducted by trained clergy within organized churches. There are, however, many different forms of worship, many interpretations of the role of the organized clergy, and many variations in commandment and church organization within Christianity. Divisions within the ReligionIn the... ...as Islam. People may also become Christian because they have been brought up in a Christian family. Christianity also appeals to many people who are homeless or less fortunate than others because of the promise of a better life after death. many another(prenominal) people regard the Bible as being proof of Christianity, especially the New Testament. If 2 billion people follow Christianity there must be something in it that draws so many people. Whether it is the promise of eternal life or that anyone can become a Christian, or the fact that you belong to something Ch ristianity is one of the largest religions in the world today and is still growing. BibliographyBeach, Waldo. The Christian Life. Richmond The CLC Press, 1966.Carmondy, Denise, and John Carmody. Christian Ethics An Introduction through History and Current Issues. Engelwood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1993.---. Christianity An Introduction. Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.Craig, David. What Christians Believe.Boston Oneworld Publications, 2000.LaCunga, Catherine. God For Us The Trinity and Christian Life. New York 1992.Weaver, Mary Jo. Introduction to Christianity. BelmontWadsworth Publishing Company, 1984.

Christianity Essay -- essays research papers fc

Christianity religion was founded in Palestine by the followers of Jesus. One of the worlds major religions, it predominates in Europe and the Americas, where it has been a powerful historical force and cultural influence, but it also claims adherents in virtually every country of the world.Central Beliefs The substitution teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of perfection, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Latin Trinity is define as threefoldness, unfathomed doctrine in Christianity, by which God is considered as existing in three persons. While the doctrine is not explicitly taught in the New Testament, primordial Christian communities testified to a perception that Jesus was God in the flesh the idea of the Trinity has been inferred from the Gospel of St. John. The developed doctrine of the Trinity purports that God exists in three coequal and coeternal elementsGod the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. (LaCunga 360) It sees these persons as constituted by their mutual relations, yet does not mean that God in his essence is Father, or a male deity. Jesus spoke of a relation of mutual giving and love with the Father, which believers could also enjoy through the Spirit. Christians also believe that Jesus life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection and ascension into heaven are proof of Gods love for humanity and Gods mildness of human sins and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life. This teaching is embodied in the Bible, specifically in the New Testament, but Christians accept also the Old Testament as sacred and authoritative Scripture (Weaver 5). Christian ethics derive to a intumescent extent from the Jewish tradition as presented in the Old Testament, (Carmody, Christian Ethics 15) particularly the Ten Commandments, but with some difference of interpretation base on the practice and teachings of Jesus. Christianity may be further g enerally defined in terms of its practice of corporate worship and rights that usually include the function of sacraments and that are usually conducted by trained clergy within organized churches. There are, however, many different forms of worship, many interpretations of the role of the organized clergy, and many variations in economy and church organization within Christianity. Divisions within the ReligionIn the... ...as Islam. People may also become Christian because they have been brought up in a Christian family. Christianity also appeals to many people who are homeless or less fortunate than others because of the promise of a better life after death. many a(prenominal) people regard the Bible as being proof of Christianity, especially the New Testament. If 2 billion people follow Christianity there must be something in it that draws so many people. Whether it is the promise of eternal life or that anyone can become a Christian, or the fact that you belong to something C hristianity is one of the largest religions in the world today and is still growing. BibliographyBeach, Waldo. The Christian Life. Richmond The CLC Press, 1966.Carmondy, Denise, and John Carmody. Christian Ethics An Introduction through History and Current Issues. Engelwood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1993.---. Christianity An Introduction. Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.Craig, David. What Christians Believe.Boston Oneworld Publications, 2000.LaCunga, Catherine. God For Us The Trinity and Christian Life. New York 1992.Weaver, Mary Jo. Introduction to Christianity. BelmontWadsworth Publishing Company, 1984.

Discuss your opinion of the recovered memory

Psychologists believe that it is common to consciously repress unpleasant experiences although the unconscious repression of traumatic experiences such as sexual blackguard or rape is a defense mechanism that usually backfires (Carroll, 2005). Loftus (1998) wrote an article on The Price of Bad Memories that leaves a room for doubt for race who atomic number 18 contemplating on proveing treatment and those who are already being treated by a psychiatrist.It is difficult for those who are emotionally and psychologically helpless to go over the best possible treatment when their main concern is to seek assistance from mental wellness professionals who are in the best position to help them ready a better quality of life. In many cases, patients who are subjected to hypnosis, guided imagery, influence of drugs and other methods during therapy sessions to uncover unpleasant memories of childhood sexual abuse, rape, satanic religious rite abuse and cult activities are also isolated fro m their families, friends, and the outside world (United States v.Peterson et al. (n. d. ). Hence, implanting false memories into the minds of patients is not only alarming but also unethical and a serious criminal offense. The case of Patricia Burgus and other patients who were diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a wake-up call to the medical examination profession. The neglect on the part of the psychiatrist and Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes medical checkup Center with regards to documenting and safeguarding the tape records of the patients therapy sessions may earn a questionable mark on the reputation of the professionals and health centers.Questions with regards to the safekeeping of patients records may arise. The confuse of tapes is an indication that tape recordings are not properly labeled with the patients name, date of therapy session and the name of the mental health professional who conducted the therapy. on that point were also failures on the part of the mental health providers to keep a hard copy of patients therapy, treatment and progress. From the cases that were filed, it is apparent that administrators of the hospitals or medical centers do not impose strict policies in terms of securing patients records.The conspiracy among the psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and medical centers leads us to a thought provoking situation. As one would seek an answer to the question regarding the hidden motives of several mental health professionals who risk their professions and be subjected to malpractice suits by unjustly collecting insurance payments as a exit of exaggerating diagnoses and overstating the need for expensive treatments remains doubtful. Psychiatrists maintain patients who seek their treatment and advice on a regular basis.Hence, deriving income at the risk of their profession and reputation is not a motivating factor. The question of benefiting from insurance payments is unbelievable to some extent alth ough therapy for the treatment of multiple personality disorders may take a long stream of time. From the standpoint of a reader who is neither a health professional nor a patient, one may not discount the possibility that these mental health professionals may be subjecting their patients to an experiment in order to test the effectiveness of their technique.However, there is no evidence to prove this accusation. With the multitude of lawsuits filed against the mental health professionals and medical centers regarding claims of corroborated repressed memories, there will be more patients and families who may take advantage of the situation. False accusations regarding misdiagnosis and improper treatment may also grow in numbers as the victims gain awareness of the monetary settlement that may be derived from the litigation.The American Psychological Association (1996) claimed that most people who were sexually abuse as children have memories of all or part of what happened to them although they may not fully understand or disclose it. Amidst the controversy on recovered memory, people who are victims of substance and sexual abuse, depression, personal adjustment and problems of relationship should not hesitate to consult their mental health providers. As a precautionary measure, it is of the essence(p) to choose competent professionals and get a referral from the state psychological association in the local community.

New Manager Stumbles Case Analysis Essay

Suggest some options for Goldstone at this point. What might he do to help himself achieve success in his current situation?First, Goldstone must stand for back about what he has done in the last 6 months and analyze his own performance. In this course, he can find out what misinterpretation he has made in his management also, he needs to figure out the reasons for why he was making mistakes. Afterwards, he needs to face the humanity and encourage himself to ask people who is on higher level when he does not know what to do. For example, in this situation, he needs to stop being antisubmarine and reluctant of talking with Ludlow. Instead, he needs to use his valuable experience to help him propose a solid plan and discuss with Ludlow. The conversation amid him and Ludlow was not helpful for both his and the companys development. Therefore, they need to both realize the problem and start to cooperate with each other in show to create a double-win situation for them.Secondly, i t will be an great asset for Goldstone if he can find a learn within the company or the company could assign a mentor who had sufficient experience to help Goldstone out. Indeed, the company had many training programs and also the employee development training seminar which on the wholeowed the managers to sit unneurotic and exchange their thoughts and experience. However, the training program was all about theory and was really difficult for managers to put it into action also, the training seminar were not effective as all the managers were just feeling sympathized but not sharing any useful management advice with each other.In order to find out an effective way to solve the current problems, he needs to talk with a mentor whom he can consult from. Moreover, company needs to let him know that the mentor is more than welcome to consult him and answer his questions. Through this way, Goldstone can articulate the companys strategy and benefit for a long term. Furthermore, Goldston e can imply the executive level to develop more practical training and management skills for the new managers. In this way, Goldstone can have a better relationship withexecutive level people as they can see Goldstone are putting efforts to this company also, it is good for Bulwarks long term development.Last, Goldstone needs to cream on his people management. In addition to consulting from his potential mentors and Ludlow, he needs to figure out a way to manage the sales rep functional for him. Instead of simply managing and instructing them what to do, he needs to maintain a good relationship with them. In other words, he needs to pretend respect from them and get trust from them. He needs to apply golden rule and think for his sales rep which can help him avoid accidents like losing Puckett happen again. Also, he needs to use his courage and his strength to win the respect from his best sales rep Tony Skrow. As Skrow is the most successful sales rep in his team, winning the r espect and trust from him can help Goldstone getting the entire control of the whole team.

Leadership in Sport Context Essay

Leadership is hard to specifically watch, roles and attributes switch over to adapt to the environment and context needed. George and Jones define conduce as the exercise of influence by one member of a throng or organization over other members to help the group or organization (2002,pg. 375). This definition cease be broken down with two definitions Firstly exerting influence over other members and second aiding in a group or organization achieve its goals. Leadership is something everyone would like to claim as a personal attribute, but it is very difficult to get any(prenominal) consensus on quite what it means. (Weightman, 2004, pg. 129) Many theories and molds have been positive to discover different approaches to leadership aiming to identify different traits and characteristics thought needed to be a good leader. In this portfolio I am going to explore different leadership approaches and attributes within the context of edition. Through examples of current leaders i n pas seul I hope to identify similarities to theoretical evidence. sport is a disciplined activity that examines a the great unwashed of role models for leadership, non just athletes, a bay window of jobs within the sport sector include leadership qualities.What makes a leader?The debate between is a leader born or made has subject up a lot of questions to what the attributes of a good leader are. Agreeing that a leader is influential and needs to inspire through organizing change makes us job weather traits of a leader are in their personalities or a skill you can acquire over time. Often leaders are associated with having sure personality traits that naughtylight them as an admirable person. Davis (1972) found the 4 general traits tie in to leadership success were * Intelligence- leaders are found to have high intelligence than their followers * Social Maturity- self-assurance and self- respect and can handle a wide variety of social stakes * Achievement drive- found to have a strong drive to get things done * Human- Relations attitudes- leaders know that they rely on other people to get things done, and on that pointfore interested in their team membersThis traits model focuses on the personality that the leader has on contrast to the job that needs to be done. Agreeing that traits above would aid an several(prenominal) to take admit and lead others in order to influence, further research found the context in what your atomic number 82 was equally as important. Building on Daviss model it is important for a leader to be a people person that can withhold authority in a variety of situations, but to a fault with the ability to display their views to a variety of people in intention to influence and inspire. Davis amongst others were previously unsuccessful in showing theoretical evidences that proved everyday personality traits or qualities. It was soon found more realistic analyses would be to consider the functions a leader demonstrate in order to fulfill his project specific to the context.Sport can be individual or team based but pull up stakes bland involve numerous people. A leadership model discovered in 1982 demonstrates the need of three leadership functions I found present in most sport leaders. These are the task to be accomplished together, maintaining social cohesion of the group and individual needs of team members.This model shows the three independent functions and how they overlap to form a leadership bolt that focuses on achieving the endpoint of the leader in this case success for a sports team or individual. If the task fails or performed badly, there is diminished satisfaction for the individual and the group tends to fall apart. If the group lacks unity, this will also affect performance. If the individual is discontented, then he or she will not give his or her trump out performance. This emphasizes the essential of unity of leadership, demonstrating a single action by a leader may influen ce all areas, and is specific to a sport context. exercisingSven- Goran Eriksson- team manager of various football teams (including England)(www.guardian.co.uk)Sven admirable leadership displays most of Davis personality traits alongside achieving success for himself and various teams. Svens cosmopolitan background gives him an good within a wide audience of players and is well known for his expertise within football. Despite not getting too attached to people, that enforces authority he creates empathy and trust within all he leads. A strong attribute is his diplomatic approach, he is seen to support and value the work of others. Demonstrating his ability in leading various teams to success he relates to Adairs model. Maintaining a good cohesion between the team is very important within football but he doesnt neglect the individual players needs. He implements their opinion into qualification good decisions for the team as a whole to lead them to success. renewingal LeadershipTra nsformational leadership is surpass describes a leader who results followers who are intended to trust, admire and respect. They are known for following and seeing through a personal visual sensation whilst gaining trust of supporters. James Macgregor Burns introduced a concept of transformational leadership in his book Leadership in 1978. He defines leaders and followers make from each one other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. Through the strength of their sight and personality, transformational leaders are able to inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions and motivations to work towards common goals (pg. 203, 2012). A sporting example of a transformation leader is Paula Radcliffe. Paula relates heavily to a later theory developed by Bernard M. cryptic.Basss Transformational Leadership TheoryHe suggested leadership is defined as the impact it has on followers Burns identified 3 commissions in which leaders transform their followers * Increasi ng their awareness of task immensity and value * Getting them to focus first on team of organizational goals, quite an than their own interests * Activating there higher-order needsAgreeing that people will follow a person who inspires them. Such individual needs to have a vision and passion and quest to achieve great things. She puts all her energy and time in quest to be the take up distance runner in the land (www.bbcsport.com)(www.sportsjournalists.co.uk)Yet to win an Olympic medal, all due to injury, she has brought the womens marathon running to a new level and pushed the limits where no other women have gone. Paula support many charities, alongside the progression of keen runners during her career. In 2004 she inspired many when joining Jonathan Edwards on an Olympic Special Millionaire, raising 64,000 for charity. Excluding her physical achievements but she has been acknowledge for her personality and good sportsmanship through a number of awards.(Taken from my presenta tion)Ethical LeadershipRowe (1997) points out, ethics can be taught in two very different ways. It can be taught using the models of absolute values, or as theologians and philosophers call them first principles- That is, the absolute right and wrong ways of doing things. But it can also be taught in terms of how we all have our own way of seeing things. According to this view, values are relative to individuals and the situations in which they find themselves- the right way depends on the context.Ethics pays an important part in sport for it is the discipline in rules and regulations that gives the entitlement to win and loose competition. Current competition requires a lot of testing prior, during and post competition in order to detect various methods of cheating. Many sports could be seen as unethical due to bad press of officiators, rules and regulations.The importance of ethics in sports defines giving everyone an equal opportunity showing no favouritism or discrimination. Pa ula highly demonstrates the traits of an ethical leader. Her career has consisted of fighting defend the fair-ness and paper of the sport. Most athletes were clean and were increasing becoming un-happy at the way the sport was being portrayed (www.paularadcliffe.com) Proving her ethical leadership qualities I have related Paula to the below model. This model states s even so habits that a discovered commonly in ethical leaders.Seven Habits of Strong Ethical Leaders- Stephen R. Covey1. Strong Personal timbre2. Passion to do right3. Proactive Behavior4. Stakeholder interest in mind5. Recognition of their values as role models6. Awareness that their decision making should be transparent7. Holistic view of human beings and firms ethical culturePaulas willingness to stand up for her rights and correct the sport for good for others, was demonstrated by launched her campaign against drugs in sport Despite the amount of drug tests required, it was discovered that the system was not capab le of detecting the most effect and abused doping product using in running. She quotes fear is no reason not to do what is right (www.paularadcliffe.com) In 2001 at Edmonton she held up a sign of the zodiac saying EPO cheats out. This was particularly aimed at a competitor that had been tested and found guilty of the blood doping, yet the result was over turned because the cut testing authorities did not adhere to IAAF protocol.(www.paularadcliffe.com/gallery/images/08.jpg)Does Gender Effect Leadership?Sport is frequently seen as a masculine dominated sector. Sport has been demonstrated to help some women achieve empowerment (Theberge and Birrell, 1994, pg. 147) In all previous leadership theories mentioned none are specific to gender. With this is mind still women in leadership are found to be in the minority. Fred Fielder recognises the effectiveness of a task should be considered in defining leadership. His Contingency theory of leadership, developed in 1961, focuses on 1) Why in a particular situations, some leaders will be more effective than other leaders even though they have equally good credentials. 2) Why a particular leader may be more effective in one situation and not anotherAlthough womens participation has risen, womens involvement in sport as providers has dropped. (Sports Council, 1992) The recent rise in women participating sport has lead to success in gaining responsibility in areas of sport such as leadership and coaching. The theory above I find is relevant for it can be used against women who are seen as good leaders just would be put out of context when it comes to sport.An example within sport is an American, Shannon EastinShannon Eastin made write up by being the first female official in a male dominated sport, relating to fielders theory she was seen out of context for the job and is now recognise for her confidence of breaking the stereotype. Shannon became Inspirational for Women who feel not equal to take part in male orientate d sports.(www.chargers.com)David Cotter et al defined four distinctive characteristics in his Glass Ceiling Approach (1988)1. A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial difference that is not explained by other job-relevant characteristics of the employee. 2. A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial difference that is greater at higher levels of an outcome than at lower levels of an outcome. 3. A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial inequality in the chances of advancement into higher levels, not merely the proportions of each gender or race currently at those higher levels. 4. A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial inequality that increases over the course of a career.This approach is commonly used when individuals or groups are stereotyped and therefore seen as unusual or abstract to be breaking these barriers. When successful of breaking the prejudice against them it is seen as breaking through the barrier to the g lass celling. Previous women leaders in sport are seen to be very inspirational, they are made to feel not equal to take part in male orientated sports and therefore demonstrate the glass barrier celling approach when they do a lot making history for women in that context. Even though they might break down these barriers they still not be highly respected and followed by all and will be not seen as equal by all.In todays society there are many powerful female role models. An example in sport is Jessica Ennis. Through the 2012 Olympic she demonstrated her talents and perseverance in sport that achieved dreadful results.(www.mirror.co.uk)ConclusionIn developing my research from the tutorials I have found leaders are adaptable not only to context, but to individuals. People will find different qualities within the same person that they consider being a trait of a leader. Even researches often disagree about which characteristics best describe leadership(George et Jones, 2005,pg. 275). Theories and Models help display similar characteristics within leaders but shouldnt be used to define what a leader should be. Transformation and Ethical leaders are very common within sport for they are found to be influential to their public and demonstrate good moral philosophy within sport. All the leaders used in this portfolio are respected, followed and successful in completing their task in hand whilst being influential.

Air Forces Northern incident awareness and assessment playbook Essay

EthicsIntroduction The United States Yankee Command (USNORTHCOM) is the combatant command that is responsible for credential and defense. They conduct Defense of the Civil authorities through providing capabilities to the DOD, Department of Defense from their land, air and sea components in support of the leading federal policies geared towards responding to every homeland security threat. Among the capabilities that the DOD brings to their operations is the ISR and indoleacetic acid. on that point is no difference between these two terms barely that the term IAA has just been coined by the USNORTHCOM to denote the application of ISR when it is applied domestic anyy to support the homeland security. The ISR operation mainly consist of flying both manned and unmanned platforms which are tempered to revolve over the battle field top provide a clear picture of the situation underneath. During the wartime, this picture could include the location of roads and sediment of the enemy and also the information that may be required so as to target the enemy. ISR provides a clear picture of situational awareness that could not only be used strategically to gain the full picture but also tactically to gather intelligence information that are useful in engaging individual targets. The situation awareness that is provided by the IAA/ ISR becomes a significant force multiplier which the commanders have been known to highly rely on. There are many obstacles to realizing full potential for the ISR in homeland security. Currently there is statutory, doctrine, ethical and policy obstacles that exist to prevent ISR from reaching their full efficiency for the homeland security provision. Improved doctrines will see the department of Defense improve their ability to deliver IAA capabilities to the local, tribal, state and also the federal entities. The consumers all over the country and also the whole world will benefit from improved IAA capabilities. The most significant eth ical issues come secondarily where IAA capabilities are employed domestically. This is because it is known that all the American citizens enjoy freedoms of privacy, expression and they expect this to be fundamental and be respected in the best steering possible. The American citizens highly value their freedoms and hence loath ideas that seem to threaten their constitutional protection. In publicizing the use and purpose of IAA, I think there is a big ethical consideration in it because the citizens will get to know the function of IAA and how they function. They will not think that their freedoms are be infringed on but know that this is a military operation and that is how they are and should be carried hence in so doing, there will be no blame game between the government and the citizens.ReferenceUSAF. (2007). Air Force doctrine document 2-9 Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance operations. Washington, D.C. United States Air Force.Air Forces Northern. (2010). Air Force s Northern incident awareness and assessment playbook. Tyndall AFB, FL USAF.USNORTHCOM Public Affairs. (2008, September 18). Hurricane response. Retrieved from United States Northern Command http//www.northcom.mil/news/2008/091908I.htmlSource document

Guidelines for Writing a Lab Report Essay

Writing a good lab report is an important goal of your science education, and gives you the opportunity to enhance your typo charty skills and to communicate your understanding of the scientific process to others.Your lab report for this semester will be a write up of your independent research project. This will preserve the standard format for a lab report and should include the following sectionsTitleIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionReferencesFor this course we argon giving unornamented emphasis to the materials and methods section. This section should include sufficient detail to allow others to reproduce your experiments, without being overly descriptive.A guide to writing each section is as followsTITLEName the experiment.The title of respect should be descriptive of what you did or what your data showed. A indorser should be up to(p) to obtain some understanding of the suffice of your report from the title. In the research world, scientists sca n the table of contents of journals to determine if there are any papers relevant to their research that they should read. Therefore the title is important for getting your work recognized.INTRODUCTIONExplain why you choose this project, and what you hoped to learn from it. You will be required to research the background information for your project, and give way the current state of knowledge for the topic of your research. In addition, you must explain your rationale for choosing this project, clearly state the objective or guesswork, and predict the outcome of the experiments if the hypothesis holds true.Example if an independent research project investigated the effect of wad sanitizers on the growth of E. coli, then the introduction should include background information on hand sanitizers (what they are, how they are exercisingd, the ingredients that kill bacteria), and background information on E. coli (what it is, why it is a problem). It would also include the data-based hypothesis, e.g. Hand sanitizers will be more telling at killing E. coli than soap.MATERIALS AND METHODSDescribe how you conducted your experiments in sufficient detail that someone else could repeat them, WITHOUT excess detail. First and foremost, this section is NOT simply a arguing of materials and a step-by-step accounting of what you did. You should write your materials and methods in descriptive form, using past tense (describe what you did). Do not include reasoning in your methods this belongs in the discussion section.You should describe what you did in enough detail that someone could repeat the experiment if he or she wanted to, but do not wasting disease excessive details.As you are doing your experiment, be sure you keep track of what you actually did in your lab notebook, especially any details which vary from the instruction manual(a) in the lab manual. What you do could have important implications for the results you get, and your interpretation of those result s. The Materials and Methods in your lab report should be what you actually did, and not just what the lab manual told you to do.Points to remember* Organize this section carefully and logically, place the methods in the cabaret in which you ran them.* Use subheadings that break the school text into distinct sections (if warranted). Do not use subheadings such as Lab 4. Use a descriptive subheading, such as Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and make use of bold text to get laid subheadings.* Provide enough information to allow others to repeat the same experiment* Use specific, informative language (quantify whenever possible)* Omit unnecessary information. You do not use up to include every possible detail of the time you spent in the lab. Include only those procedures directly pertaining to the results you plan to present in the paper.* Include recognize mathematical formulas if appropriate.* Do not make the common faulting of mixing some of the Results in this sectionRESULTSPrese nt your data in such a way that someone could go directly to the results section and understand the results of your experiments.The results section will have a text hatful and a portion that contains figures, tables, photographs, graphs, etc., depending on what kind of data you have. In the text of your results section, describe the trends and important points of your data. Point out what it is that you want your reader to come away with. Be sure you relate to the relevant figures and/or tables when you are writing your text. Refer to them as if you were citing them. For example The purity of the enzyme mitigated with each step of the purification scheme (Table 1).For the data portion (i.e., figures and tables), there are many ways to present your results, and you should think very carefully about which is the best way. Is it a line graph, a bar graph or histogram, a pie chart, a table, a picture or diagram, or is it some combination of these? Whatever you choose, be sure it cle arly shows your results. You want your reader to be able to look at your tables, charts, figures, etc. and know exactly what experiment was done for each one. You also want the reader to be able to understand what the results actually are. ALL of your data that relates to the report should be presented (even negative data).Points to remember* Organize your data carefully and logically. If possible, present results in the same order as the methods.* Use subheadings that break the data into distinct sections (if warranted)* Summarize the data and emphasize important patterns or trends* Do not interpret your data do not draw conclusions do not speculate.in the results section (save these issues for the Discussion)* Graphs, drawings, and photos are considered figures. Each figure and table must have a title and be numbered sequentially as they are introduced in the text. (figure 1, figure2, table 1, table2)* Specify units on the axes of graphs and label all columns and rows of tables.* Computer programs, such as Excel, can help you draw graphs and diagrams. If the graphs are hand drawn they must be neat and accurate.* Examples of some of the ways that you can present your data are illustrated at the end of this handout.DISCUSSION touch base your results back to the introduction. Did you add to the current state of knowledge? What did you learn from your experiments? Were there any sources of error? What future experiments might you conduct? Was your hypothesis supported by your data? This section is for an interpretation of your results, e.g. what do your results mean? Why did you think that you obtained these results? What can be learned from this experiment.? Connect your results to the concepts behind the experiments and your hypothesesAre there any questions the experimental design leaves unanswered (related to your hypothesis or not)?How would you improve this experiment in the future? What other experiments would you do now to extend or confirm your results (what is the bordering step)? You should also indicate if there are any inherent flaws or sources of error in the experimental design. Do not use human error as an explanation. Only discuss experimental errors that you think actually occurred during your experiment. You should also avoid saying that taking more samples or doing more repetitions of the experiment would improve the data. That is almost always true of any experiment, and goes without saying.Points to remember* Interpret your results draw attention to your major findings.* Support your conclusions with evidence convince the reader that your interpretations are dependable and that your work represents a valid contribution to the field.* Recognize the importance of negative results.* Address both the advantages and limitations of your methods What causes may be responsible for your findings? Suggest explanations if you have strange or unexpected results.* Go from specific to general Start with a discussion of your spec ific results and end with more far-reaching conclusions or predictions Can you make generalizations? What would the attached questions be?* Be aware of phrasing used in scientific discourse, e.g. verbs like suggest, indicate, show, demonstrate adverbs like possibly, probably, presumably, very likely auxiliary verbs like may, might, would, could, etc. (qualifiers)CONCLUSIONSSummarize the meaning of your results in two or three sentences.REFERENCESList all of the information sources used for your introduction. Any references that you use should be cited in the text and listed in alphabetical order in a reference section at the end of your report. Use the APA citation style For citations in the text (Author, year) goes subsequently the material from a particular source. For references section Last name, First name. Year. Title of article. Journal. Volume. Page Numbers.

Analysis of Great Global Warming Swindle

The Great planetary Warming hook (GGWS) is a controversial documentary on clime change by British television manu facturer Martin Durkin1. It first aired on the BBCs channel 4 on March 8, 20072. This documentary argues against conventional scientific understanding of the degree and causa of recent, observed temper change. The overwhelming view amongst mode scientists is that twentieth century orbicular heating system is largely due to an increase in atmospheric greenho hold gases resulting from increased industrialisation during the last 100- 150 years.His program collides sharply with the premise outlined in former Vice President Al Gores Oscar-winning documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, which presents a bleak picture of how a buildup in greenhouse gases such as century dioxide affects the worldwide climate, with potentially disastrous consequences. Durkin presents an alternative view that recent global warming is neither significant nor due to human activity.The document ary does not movement to argue the latter view through any critical deconstruction of climate perception orthodoxies. Rather, it contends that modern climate scientists be at best seriously misguided in their collective opinion on the nature and causes of global warming, or argon at worst guilty of lying to the rest of the community. Publicity for the documentary leans heavily towards the latter, stating that global warming is the biggest scam of modern time.The documentary uses a series of techniques to shake the viewers belief in current orthodox understanding and to present an amenable contrary viewpoint. some(prenominal) experts, labeled as authoritative, are interviewed to lend credibility to the documentary.These commentators are presented as insiders who cast doubt on the integrity of climate change science and the IPCC assessment process that has led to current orthodox understanding. Alternate scientific contentions are presented in a credible way by selectively prese nting facts and rise uncertainties without context or by specious reference to the actual published science. The motivation and morality of scientists driving current orthodox understanding is questioned through aspersions that are conspiratorial in nature.Many of the people that were interviewed did not shake off the proper credentials and were under qualified. For example, Patrick Moore is a Canadian Professor who has no training in climate science. He makes public statements in favor of genetic engineering and logging in the Amazon. In 1986 Moore had an altercation with Greenpeace and has since put nigh of his energies into undermining the arguments of environmentalists, particularly his former colleagues. His main(prenominal) claims involve the idea that environmentalists treat humans as scum.In the 1990s, Moore worked as a consultant for the British Columbian Timber Products draw, undermining the attempts of Greenpeace to preserve forests. Also diverse large corporations and companies paid many of the people that were interviewed off. Fred Singer is a retired Professor from the University of Virginia and has never had an article accepted for a peer reviewed scientific journal in the last 20 years. He has argued that CFCs do not cause Ozone Depletion. There are numerous scientific studies that disprove his ludacris assertion. In 1990, Singer founded The Science and milieu Policy project, which contradicts climate science and has received direct keep from Exxon, Shell, Unocal and ARCO 2000.Patrick Michaels is another such person interviewed in The Great orbiculate Warming trick. He is one of the most prominent climate change skeptics in the US and made the claim (in the movie) Ive never been paid a nickel by the old and gas companies. This is actually not true as according to journalist Ross Gebspan, Michaels has received direct funding from German Coal Mining Association ($49,000), Edison Electric Institute ($15,000), and the Western Fuels Assoc iation ($63,000), which is one of the post powerful funders of Global Warming Skeptics in the US. However, one of the more credible people interviewed in the movie was Richard Lindzen.He is a meteorology professor at MIT and is known as one of the most reputable climate change skeptics in the US. Some of his most notable claims include those published in the Wall Street Journal in June 2011 maintaining that on that point is no consensus, unanimous or otherwise, about long-term climate trends or what causes them. Lindzen is known to charge oil and coal interests 2,500 USD a day for his consulting services and in 1991, he testified in front of a senate committee, after receiving funding from the company Western Fuels. He is a member of theAdvisory Council of the Annapolis Center for Science Based Public Policy which receives a large counterweight of its funding from Exxon Mobil.In summary the documentary is not scientifically sound and presents a flawed and very misleading interpret ation of the science. spell giving the impression of being based on peer-reviewed science, much of the material presented is either out-of-date, already discredited or of uncertain origin. A number of the graphs and figures used in the documentary are not based on any known or published climate data, while others are presented schematically, and hence may confuse and mislead the viewer.The oecumenic arguments in the movie are that climate change is a natural occurrence, that Global temperature actually dropped during the period of greatest anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions, that carbon dioxide is not a significant greenhouse gas that the greenhouse effect isnt being enhanced and that carbon dioxide concentration increases do not cause increased temperature. The format of the documentary itself is sound in that it shows the opinions of respective(a) source, the problem is that the interviews were taken out of context and visual imagery was often manipulated.The documentary attempts to keep back the claim that temperatures were higher in the recent past with the graph Temp 1000 Years attributed to the IPCC. This graph purports to show global average temperature between AD 900 and now, with the highest values recorded between about 1100 and 1300 (labeled as Medieval Warm Period).The graph is actually reproduction of a schematic plot published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its First Assessment narrative in 1990 (Figure 2). It is important to note that this schematic is largely based upon early reconstructions of European temperature changes such as that of Lamb (1988). Critically, the 1990 IPCC Report cautioned, it is still not clear whether all the fluctuations indicated were truly global, and underlying the fact that neither regional temperature averages nor temperature records from single locations can be used as proxies for global temperature.This 17 year-old graph has been superseded by numerous more recent studies, with the IPCC in turn publishing updated records of near globaltemperature in its Second Assessment Report in 1995, its Third Assessment Report in 2001, and its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007. The most up-to- date figure for the Northern Hemisphere, from IPCC (2007), is reproduced in Figure 3, which shows 12 different reconstructions. These consistently show that, for the Northern Hemisphere, the past century is exceptionally warm, and that the warmth of recent decades distinctly exceeds that of the Medieval Warm Period in all cases.The United States National Academies published a report in 2006 (NAS 2006) that reviewed the published scientific evidence on surface temperature reconstructions for the last 2000 years. It found that evidence for regional warmth during medieval times centered around AD 1000 can be found in a diverse but more limited set of records including ice cores, tree rings, marine sediments, and historical sources from Europe and Asia, but the take aim timin g and duration of warm periods may have varied from region to region, and the magnitude and geographic extent of the warmth are uncertain.Based on a review of the scientific literature, the report concluded none of the large-scale surface temperature reconstructions show medieval temperatures as warm as the last few decades of the twentieth century. Very clearly, the documentary has misrepresented the early IPCC figure, and ignored all IPCC updates to this figure. The analyses published by the IPCC strongly contradict the documentary. Another such scientific inaccuracy is the claim that the advance temperatures of the planet stared to plateau around 1940 and then didnt continue to rise again until 1970, and therefore that this represents evidence that human activities dont influence the climate.This is clearly a tactic employed by the movies makers and interviewees to manipulate the audience as the logic behind this is very flawed. The years leading up to and during the second Wor ld War were a time of great industrialization for many countries in the northern hemisphere (which contains a majority of the Earths landmass), causing large amounts of carbon dioxide to be pumped into the atmosphere. This industrialization also created a large amount of pollutants that stayed in the lower atmosphere which reflect entryway sunlight back into space, thereby causing temporary cooling.These lower level pollutants, including sulphate aerosols only have residency times of a few months (as distant to about 100 years forC02) and therefore warming resumes (refer to figure 1 in appendix). The current data from the IPCC shows that since then, the temperature has been increasing faster than it has in the last 10,000 years17. While there were clearly many attempts at manipulations and scientific errors in the Global Warming Swindle, there were a few valid points that were made. The argument that Global warming is (in some cases) being used in such a way that keeps ontogeny c ountries from the rapid development needed to create better standards of living for the widely distributed population in a valid one.It is very simple for the theory to be used in a way that makes actions such as preventing the use of fossil fuels in developing countries seem valid, despite the fact that this often a indispensable step in the development process. Developed countries currently forward a vast majority of global greenhouse emissions and the media frequently depicts countries such as China and India as the colloquially termed bad guys because they refuse to maintain the necessary reductions in greenhouse emissions. The movie showed a short clip of an interview in a hospital in a rural area of an developing countries where the power from a solar panel was clearly not enough to power the hospital. Such instances are common in rural areas of Africa where NGOs, in an attempt to reduce Global emissions, install inappropriate technologies.The movie is also has a sound form at in that it is in documentary style (disregarding the validity of the points presented), and it shows clips from various different scientists and Climate skeptics in different handle. Climate change Skeptic Bjorn Lomborg has been criticized for using very few questioners belonging to a very narrow spectrum of fields to validate his claims18. In comparison, The Global Warming Swindle has presented a decent number of sources and experts. The superior general format was also such that it intertwined interviews, narration and visual aids. This order is quite effective in maintaining the interest of the audience throughout the movie.The inaccuracies presented in Al Gores An Inconvenient Truth needed to be responded to and the general idea of creating a documentary to address this issue was a good one. Al Gore only barely presented the other side of the argument and there are some very valid cases relating to the fact that Global Warming may not have anthropogenic causes. In fact, i f the Global Warming Swindle is correct in its assertion that Global warming isnt manmade then there rightfully isnt muchthat can be done and our resources really would be better spent elsewhere and any real action would mean convincing every nation on Earth to cut overcome on fuel emissions-which data suggests, is unlikely.Despite these valid points, arguments can be made to the contrary, especially with consideration to their presentation and the omission of certain information. The Global Warming Swindle implies that there are official expectations for developing countries to cut emissions by the same amount as developed countries. This isnt true. The Kyoto protocol explicitly stated that there was nothing expected from developing countries in this regard.This was yet another attempt to manipulate the audience into believing the producers agenda. The inclusion of this fact may have made the movie seem a little more credible and balanced but this information is omitted. For the most part, it is now understood that sparing development has to go hand in hand with climate policy. There is currently no legitimate environmental movement that says that the worlds less developed should have their access to energy restricted. There is also a very valid argument to the effect that sustainable development is a possible route towards economic development.Regardless, even if sustainable development doesnt occur, the use of fossil fuels for development in developing countries wouldnt have a significant effect on the environment. Costs estimate that the upper bound for the annual cost of emissions reductions consistent with the stabilization of CO2 levels would equal about 1% of the worlds gross domestic product by 205020. This shows that, despite the cost, continual development is possible and that these actions will prevent the possible occurrence of Global Warming related phenomena that could have a ruinous effect to global development. The issue about how scienti sts now use the theory of manmade global warming to fund their research is completely true. On the other hand, this is not a new phenomenon.In order to prove or disprove a theory, scientists need to find sources of funding for their research. Obviously using arguably the most in vogue scientific issue of our time is an easy way to get funding. Before the theory of Global Warming was being researched, scientists still had to present their research and find modes of funding. Therefore using this as a way to argue that Global Warming isnt the result of anthropogenic greenhouse gases seems a worn down argument that is rather off topic.The Great Global Warming Swindle does not represent the current state of knowledge in climate science. indecision in science is a healthy thing, and the presence of orthodox scientific skepticism in climate change is ubiquitous. Many of the hypotheses presented in the Great Global Warming Swindle have been considered and rejected by due scientific proces s. This documentary is far from an objective, critical examination of climate science. Instead the Great Global Warming Swindle goes to great lengths to present outdated, incorrect or ambiguous data in such a way as to grossly reach the true understanding of climate change science, and to support a set of extremely controversial views.

Departmental Store

A department store is a retail establishment with a construction open to the earth which offers a wide range of consumer goods such as clothing, housewares, furniture and appliances. It typically offers a choice of multiple merchandise lines, at shifting price points, in different product categories (known as departments whence the name). department stores commonly sell products including clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint and hardware and additionally aim other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment and baby and favourite needs. Certain department stores are further classified as discount stores.Big-box stores and hypermarkets have compel a modern equivalent to historical department stores. discussion section stores have a supermarket-type central customer checkout area near the front of the store, or alternatively, sales counters within e ach department. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a pastoral or several countries. Some may be strong-minded retailers, existing entirely independent or as licensed dealers.History Origins The origins of the department store commit in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the tear of the 19th century. As economic growth, fuelled by the Industrial Revolution, steadily expanded through the 19th century, the affluent bourgeois middle-class grew in size and wealth. This modify social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the emergence of the retail revolution of the period.As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the mo of people with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of trade techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and p references of society. One of the beginning(a) department stores may have been Bennetts in Derby, showtime established as an ironmongers in 1734.It still stands to this day, trading in the same building. However, the first reliably dated department store to be established, was Harding, Howell & Co, which opened in 1796 on Pall Mall, London. An observer writing in Ackermanns Repository, a British periodical on contemporary taste and fashion, described the enterprise in 1809 as follows The house is one hundred and fifty feet in length from front to back, and of proportionate width.It is fitted up with great taste, and is divided by glazed partitions into four departments, for the dissimilar branches of the extensive business, which is there carried on. Immediately at the entrance is the first department, which is exclusively appropriated to the sale of furs and fans. The second contains articles of haberdashery of any description, silks, muslins, lace, gloves, &etc. In the third shop, on the right, you meet with a rich assortment of jewelry, ornamental articles in ormolu, french clocks, &etc. and on the left, with all the different kinds of perfumery necessary for the toilette.The fourth is set apart for millinery and dresses so that there is no article of female person attire or decoration, but what may be here procured in the first style of elegance and fashion. This stir has been conducted for the last twelve years by the present proprietors who have spared neither trouble nor expense to ensure the establishment of a superiority over every other in Europe, and to render it dead unique in its kind.This venture is described as having all of the basic characteristics of the department store it was a public retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different departments. This pioneering shop was closed down in 1820 when the business partnership was dissolved. Department stores were established on a vauntingly scale from the 1840s and 50s, in France, the United Kingdom and the United States.Departmental StoreA department store is a retail establishment with a building open to the public which offers a wide range of consumer goods such as clothing, housewares, furniture and appliances. It typically offers a choice of multiple merchandise lines, at variable price points, in different product categories (known as departments hence the name).Department stores usually sell products including clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment and baby and pet needs. Certain department stores are further classified as discount stores.Big-box stores and hypermarkets have become a modern equivalent to historical department stores. Department stores have a supermarket-type central customer checkout area near the front of the store, or alternatively, sales counters within each department. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries. Some may be independent retailers, existing entirely independent or as licensed dealers.History Origins The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As economic growth, fuelled by the Industrial Revolution, steadily expanded through the nineteenth century, the affluent bourgeois middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the emergence of the retail revolution of the period.As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of market ing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society. 1 One of the first department stores may have been Bennetts in Derby, first established as an ironmongers in 1734.It still stands to this day, trading in the same building. However, the first reliably dated department store to be established, was Harding, Howell & Co, which opened in 1796 on Pall Mall, London. 3 An observer writing in Ackermanns Repository, a British periodical on contemporary taste and fashion, described the enterprise in 1809 as follows The house is one hundred and fifty feet in length from front to back, and of proportionate width.It is fitted up with great taste, and is divided by glazed partitions into four departments, for the various branches of the extensive business, which is there carried on. Immediately at the entrance is the first department, which is exclusively appropriated to the sale of furs and fans. The second contains articles of haberdashery of every description, silks, muslins, lace, gloves, &etc.In the third shop, on the right, you meet with a rich assortment of jewelry, ornamental articles in ormolu, french clocks, &etc. and on the left, with all the different kinds of perfumery necessary for the toilette. The fourth is set apart for millinery and dresses so that there is no article of female attire or decoration, but what may be here procured in the first style of elegance and fashion. This concern has been conducted for the last twelve years by the present proprietors who have spared neither trouble nor expense to ensure the establishment of a superiority over every other in Europe, and to render it perfectly unique in its kind.This venture is described as having all of the basic characteristics of the department store it was a public retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different departments. This pioneering shop was closed down in 1820 when the business partnership was dissolved. Department stores were established on a large scale from the 1840s and 50s, in France, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Prison Healthcare Essay

In researching thoroughlyness cathexis in the prison system there seemed to be a definite difference in the subject of regulated wellness c be existence given or even offered to prisoners. prisons have state and federal laws that they must(prenominal) abide by in delivering wellness oversee operate to their inmates. Therefore this paper will discuss the national Bureau of Prisons which came about in 1930 and was pitch together to deliver compassionate and open-minded commission for Federal prisoners. In addition, the do it (Federal Bureau of Prisoners) was apply to change the prison health care work to be suitable to offer a more professional type of care. The government agency being discussed in this paper is known as the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The BOPs head office is located in Washington D.C. and is part of the U.S. umpire Department. The Federal Bureau of Prisons is held accountable for the operation and administration of the federal prison organization. The main reasoning tail end the BOP is to deliver a neutral and sympathetic type of discussion for federal inmates in the unify States penitentiary system. The BOP also provides inmates with any health care they may accept in arrangement with any Federal and State laws. The BOP is in charge of the protection and upkeep of roughly 200,000 change prisoners and is accountable for setting the standard for federal prisons dispersed through the U.S. The BOP starts out by deciding where a prisoner should be placed such as what facility? The next thing BOP would then assess is the level of security needed for the prisoner and what type of focus he or she may need while serving their time in prison? In addition to counseling services the prisoner will be assessed for any mental health issues at this time as well. After many of these types of questions are answered concerning the inmate the BOP will then assess what type of health care services the prisoner is in need of and too what degre e they are needed. An example of this could be if a prisoner is in need of some type of Prison health Care post 3immediate surgery, then he or she would be put at the top antecedence level for care needed. These types of questions are quickly reviewed on with administration to regain where the inmate will need to serve his or her time. The reason for this statement is a prisons inmate capacity along with the level of treatment able to be offered at a specific prison may watch a decision to place an offender at one military position over another. According to the f tout ensemble in States Department of rightness (2013), the Federal Bureau of Prisons are responsible for confining federal offenders in prisons that are safe, humane, cost-efficient, and secure (Agencies). According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2008), as part of these duties, the BOP is able to control health care in prisons by being responsible for the delivery of medical examly demand health care to inma tes in accordance with applicable standards of care (Executive Summary). The American punitive Association has schematic nationwide principles connected to the safe, effective and professional operation of corrections facilities. These values are vital leadership in regards to the policies and procedures that defend the wellbeing and security of employees and inmates of the prison. These principles are frequently reviewed by a group face over the standards. The amendments are grounded on decisions based by the court, practice sessions, and constitutional organizations. In order to surveil with both federal and state laws, medical facilities or health care services must be provided at prisons and state-run correctional facilities. This type of task would require the combined efforts of several sections within the American Correctional Association which is primarily associated with the Administrative Services, Offender Operations, Support Services, and Health Services. In additio n, things such as stain financial arrangements for the verbal expression and upkeep of medical facilities would fall to the obligation of Administrative Services and the Offender Prison Health Care Agency 4Operations. In addition the Health Services at a prison are those responsible for the day to day procedures of the prisons medical treatment centers.To make sure that the health care being provided to prisoners is meeting a high level of musical note the American Correctional Association has required and expects accreditation and certification from any agencies regarding the National Commission on Correctional Health Care. The NCCHC healthcare principles and standards are think to assist things such as prison healthcare clinics meet internationalistic and national standards of basic human rights. By November 29, 2007, the BOP had held 166,794 inmates in approximately 114 BOP prisons at 93 different sites (The Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2008). Also, throughout 2007 the Feder al Bureau of Prisons was indebted around $736 million for health care being offered to prisoners in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Prisons continues to deliver health care services to prisoners chiefly by internal medicinal providers working by the BOP or allocated to the BOP from the universe Health Service, and ultimately constricted health care physicians which were the ones that delivered wide-ranging treatment or separate health care services offered for a single person (The Federal Bureau of Prisons, 2008). Then with adjusting or dictatorial the growing prices regarding health care and the various other services the Federal Bureau of Prisons executed resources that were intended to offer additional competent health care to prisoners. The Federal Bureau of Prisons exertions to get some type of control on health care in prisons began by learning the various steps a prisoner must go through before he or she is transferred or sent to their delegate penitentiary. To sta rt off prisoners are sent to a prison established around the level of treatment that is needed by this particular inmate. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2008) the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General (OIG) initiated an Prison Health Care Agency 5audit to determine whether the BOP was appropriately containing health care costs in the provision of necessary medical, dental, and mental health care services as well as effectively administering its medical services contracts and effectively monitored its medical services providers (Executive Summary). To make sure that federal and state laws are being followed regarding health care facilities being offered at penitentiaries as well as state-run correctional facilities. For something like this assignment to take place would stand for the joint efforts of numeroussubdivisions inside the ADC, primarily Administrative Services, Offender Operations, Support Services, and Health Services. When it comes to planni ng and budgeting for the construction and maintenance of health care centers this is ultimately the obligation of the Administrative Services and Offender Operations. Therefore, the health care that is being provided to prisoners must be of a high quality and acceptable. In order to ensure that the quality of healthcare being provided to inmates is of a high quality and above criticism the ADC received certification from a self-governing agency to receive their accreditation which was the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC). The healthcare standards that are in place by the NCCHC were envisioned to assist prisons with health care centers for their inmates as well as making sure to meet and follow the international and national principles regarding basic human rights. Inmates of all ages, race, color, creed and nationality are able to receive an akin standard level of treatment regarding ones health that is offered to the creation that are not be held behind bar s. According to Health Care in Prison (2013), This ecumenical principle is outlined in Prison Service Order 3200, which states The Prison Service in confederacy with the NHS has a responsibility to ensure that prisoners have access to health services that are broadly equivalent Prison Health Care Agency 6to those the general public receives from the NHS (What Healthcare Services is Prisoners empower to). This means that prisons already provide health education, patient education, prevention and other health promotion interventions in that general context. In addition, it is a requirement that each and every prisoner be able to materialise the penitentiaries policy statement regarding the health care services that are offered. In this policy statement it must be able to be viewed in a noticeable spot that is in an accessible location for all inmates. The policy statement must explain in detail what specific primary care, dental and specialist clinical services are available to pr isoners, along with who is responsible for providing them (Health Care in Prison, 2013). exclusively prisons must provide the policy statement to any prisoner who requests this information regarding the health care services available to them within a particular time frame.Prison Health Care Agency 7ReferencesChen, S. (2009, November). Prison health-care costs rise as inmates grow older and sicker. CNN Justice, (), 1-3. Retrieved from http//articles.cnn.com/2009-11- 13/justice/aging.inmates_1_prison-inmate-largest-prison-systems-medical-costs? Health care in prison. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.aidsmap.com/Health-care-in- prison/page/1503575/The Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2008). Retrieved fromhttp//www.justice.gov/oig/reports/BOP/a0808/final.pdfThe United States Department of Justice. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gov/ag/

Finance 3301 questions Essay

Broussard Skateboards sales are expected to increase by 15% from $8 million in 2012 to $9. 2 million in 2013. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2012. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the uniform rate as projected sales. At the end of 2012, current liabilities were $1. 4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after- impose profit margin is forecasted to be 6%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 40%.Use the AFN equation to forecast Brous- sards additional capital needed for the coming year. Required increase in assets Increase in spontaneous liabilities Increase in retained earnings = AFN AFN=($5/$8)*$1. 2 ($1. 4/$8)*$1. 2-$9. 2*6%*(1-40%)=0. 75 0. 21 0. 33=21% Chapter 10 Tony Companys balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Tony Companys tax rate is 40%, rd =6%,rPS =5%,andrs =10%.If Tony Com pany get capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC? Wd=30% Wps=5% Ws=65% WACC=Wd*rd*(1-T)+Wps*rps+ws*rs=30%*6%(1-40%)+5%*5%+65%*10%=0. 0108+0. 000125+0. 065=7. 59% What kinds of the T-bonds is the best proxy for the risk-free rate is the yield on? Answer A A, long-term B, short-term C, No one Chapter 11 A company creates cherish when the spread between EROIC and WACC is positivethat is, when Answer B A, EROIC ? WACC = 0 B, EROIC ? WACC 0 C, EROIC ? WACC

Preferred language style Essay

Conduct a reflect on Most job candidates are concerned with service line turn out. Incentives and benefits do very little to conduct a candidate to accept an organizations employment offer if baseline compensation is more or less below the candidates expectations. Incentives and other(a) benefits are frequently given lesser importance by the candidates who want to join a new job. There are several reasons for this- 1. Many of the employees do not give enough of importance to benefits and incentives that are not financial. They usually focus on improving their pay packages rather than their non-pay benefits.2. Many candidates may not be sure whether they would be able to earn the incentives and other benefits provided. They would feel that much(prenominal) packages are merely eyewashes so that the job appears attractive and are able to agree it up. 3. People often evaluate growth rate and the development rate in terms of fiscal funds than by determining the incentives and oth er benefits. 4. Baseline pay is given greater importance to lawfulness by the employees than the incentives. 5. The external competitiveness is greater when the employees are being paid a higher(prenominal) baseline salary compared to incentives. 6.When the candidate comes for the interview for the job, he/she may consider to job duties to be tough. In such a circumstance, he/she would be considering earning the incentives very difficult, and hence would be looking at increasing their baseline salary. 7. People would more easily settle down for a job that offers more security (one that gives higher monetary funds) compared to those that are insecure and offer incentives. 8. Some employees may consider incentives as a assortment of encouragement for doing extra work. Many employees may even feel that incentives may prompt them to work beyond working areas, which may be not liked.ReferencesFrederiskon, L. W. (1983). Contents. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. http//www . haworthpress. com/store/Toc_views. asp? TOCName=J075v05n01_TOC&desc= glitz%3A%205%20Issue%3A%201 HRMC (2007). Baseline Pay, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own common soldier radio receiver Web site http//www. citehr. com/baseline-pay-vt1462. html My Own Private Radio (2006). On employee compensation note 3, Democracy in Action, Retrieved on June 12, 2007, from My Own Private Radio Web site http//myownpirateradio. com/2006/02/13/on-employee-compensation-%E2%80%93-note-3-democracy-in-action/

History of National Wildlife Federation

The home(a) Wildlife Federation was founded in 1936 by editorial cartoonist J.N. Darling. It was founded when President D. Roosevelt convened the first North American Wildlife Conference to incur public interest in Americas land, water system and natural resources. After that the General Wildlife Federation (later changed to the matter Wildlife Federation) was founded. It is the nations largest member-supported saving group, with everywhere 4 million members and supporters and 46 state affiliate organizations.The NWF unites umpteen individuals, organizations, businesses and government agencies to protect wildlife, places, and the milieu that we all depend on. Through some(prenominal) of their field offices they educate, assist and inspire people from all over to conserve wildlife and other natural resources and protect the Earths environment in order to achieve a collected and sustainable future.Sixty-three years after being founded, the NWFs primary focus remains education. They provide many books, magazines and nature programs that provide information to children and their families to bring them closer to nature and show them how to protect it. They provide many tools for individuals to conserve as much as they can at home, on campus, and in everything that they do. They besides discipline with Americas lawmakers, political leaders, business leaders and activistics about environmental problems and work with them to find effective, common sense solutions.The NWF offers environmental education programs in communities, in the outdoors, and in the classroomThe Backyard Wildlife Habitat program aids and encourages landscaping with the demand of wildlife and the health of the environment in mind. Through this the NWF has certified over 20,000 properties worldwide.NWFs Campus Ecology program helps students, faculty and administrators observe resources, tools and consultation to facilitate the establishment of campus-based conservation projects and help develop the next generation of environmental leaders. offspring and Teen Programs offer young teens and adults a chance to study about nature, learn outdoor skills and win environmental knowledge.Nature Link program increases public awareness and appreciation of the outdoors by providing families with pass excursions centered on environmental conservation.Conservation Summits are the NWFs outdoor adventure and education experience group. concourse of all ages can immerse themselves into many destinations through field trips, classes, special presentations and daily youth programs.NWFs animal(prenominal) Tracks program offers online and printed conservation education materials geared for grades K-8 to assist teachers in instructing children about the environment and how to care for it.NWFs National Wildlife Week program brings free conservation materials to more than 620,000 teachers who reach more than 20 million students.It also provides information through its magazines, tel evision and movie productions and its World Wide Web Homepage.Some of the specific activist projects include the following Fertility on the Brink Toxic Pollution Prevention Wetlands Threats Education MaterialsAt this moment some of the projects that the NWF is working on include Restoring strong protections for endangered sea turtles killed in half-pint trawl nets. Give citizens the power to nominate specific rivers, lakes or coastal waters as owing(p) National Resource Waters to protect special waters in their communities. Sources of polluted runoff water and airborne toxins should be allowed to design and obtain approval of site specific plans that are most be efficient for that source. Toxic chemicals linked to hazardous health effects must be phased out. Conduct more research on the reason why amphibian populations are experiencing gross deformations, rapid population worsening and sometimes complete extinction in even the most untouched ecosystems.

Naturebros

Q1. Summarize the breeding presented regarding the present and proposed yields. Briefly describe the ships companys 2004 and 2005 objectives.Ans. Dale Morris, being a cooking en thereforeiast, created a young season mix in 1993 which was based on a nutritive yeast b arct and utilise a betable make out of less(prenominal)er flavour than other seasonal mixes. This mix being rattling popular among family and close friends, he make upd to test market his intersection via a charity issue and once successful, he saw an opportunity of a brand- naked as a jaybird saleable product. His vision hitherto was stalled bank 2002 due to lack of startup capital.Eventually, he raised bountiful money (a make sense of $65,000) by exchange 15 percentage each of his stock to his mother and two run short colleagues to lease machinery and setup a small production facility and bring his product to grocery stores by August of 2002. The product was an arcsecond hit among nodes. Having a sales background himself, Morris had no problems in coming up with ways to levy his product. His tasting demonstrations, similar to what he held for family and friends were a hit and attracted enough sales in seven states and to consider expanding the product line and make inroads to markets in to a greater extent states as well.In locate to expand however, Morris necessary more capital. Not only was the market to be expanded, two mod products had to be launched as well. This meant excess expenses in product development, production, announce and distribution. The present product, although a low season seasoning, does not cater to the salt free market. and then a salt free variant is to be developed along with an monosodium glutamate based flavor enhancer.The companys 2004 objectives argon to stabilize its current markets in terms of sales and distribution and to deliver the goods a 5 percent market portion out in the category of flavour salt, a 10 percent market share in salt substitutes and a 5 percent market share in MSG based flavor enhancers. Strategy for 2004 concentrates more on animate markets. Although a 10 percent market share in the salt free category seems a bit optimistic, it is possible due to the lack of competitors in this market segment.For 2005, the company plans to expand to eight new markets namely Los Angeles, Phoenix, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, Seattle, San Francisco, Spokane and Portland. These new markets make up 17.1 percent of total grocery sales and thus are an attractive market to tap into. Like 2004, here too 5 percent shares for the salt based seasoning, 10 percent for the salt free version and 5 percent market share for the MSG based enhancer are objectified.The methods to be spendd provide range from aggressive advertising to tapping into the more health conscious West Coast psyche. Price advantages will further help discharge these aims for both existing and new markets. All this will be done due to the fact that the company is currently in the market expansion process and has to make unique selling propositions in assemble to capture a larger share of the market.Q2. After reviewing this material, make a list of superfluous teaching which should be supplied to support the sales projections.Ans. The sales forecasts seem to be well worked upon but that isnt the case. The biggest ejaculate is that percentage aims for each new market and existing market nourish not be understandably specified. Only totals have been given for existing and new markets and new ones with the aims at 5 or 10 percent (as per product) being calculated based on the overall totals of each market. Since the existing markets have to be stabilized and expanded, there should e more specific information regarding each individual state in terms of market and percentage to be achieved in dollar amounts. Same should be the case for new markets as well.The second problem with these forecasts is that although the company has sketch its financial and percentage aims in each of these markets, no specifications whatsoever have been given as to the volume and bell of the product being sold there. This is ingrained because personality Bros. will have to square up what packages and what volume of sales they plan on distributing in these areas. hence sales have to be given not only in dollar amounts but in amount of units and weight per package as well.Thirdly, the toll set for each package should also be included in order to calculate how nature Bros. will capture the market. A proper product into price frame is destinyed here rather than the existing dollar amounts.Q3. Comment on objectives are they reasonable, optimistic, or conservative? What marketing mix would best support this growth rate?Ans. The objectives seem to be reasonable for the current markets but are a bit too optimistic for new markets. The principal(prenominal) reason for this is that the current markets are aware of their products. They just need to keep enhancing their laborment efforts in order to capture a larger market share. bran-new products too will be welcomed more openly.New markets always show resistance to new entrants. Secondly, local home grounds are always easier to work in its the new markets that always create problems especially due to the startup inertia set or so by products. In order to achieve these objectives, Nature Bros. will have to go big in these new markets. They will ahev to concentrate a lot on achieving the right marketing mix so as not to expend too much and still achieve their objectives Promotion promotional suit launched by Nature Bros. have so far been successful in or so cases. Form person-to-person friends to tasting stalls, Morris has done well so far in achieving fame for his product. The new products however might need that particular(a) push. First of all, they should go for more branding of the products. Customers might confuse the positioning of th e existing product and leave it and the salt free version might eat away into the original products sales.Since Nature Bros. have thus far marketed their existing product as healthy and low salt, a salt less substitute will only shed bad light on the existing seasoning mix. thus Nature Bros. should start repositioning its existing brand and use the same in new markets. shade should be strictly controlled and maintained at all costs. Price the pricing strategy as outlined in the plans seems to be fine for this product. One aspect that Nature Bros. have neglected however is the price demand elasticity of their product. They should test this strategy in their existing markets and see if they are in a position to charge premiums at this stage or not. This will give a fair subject as to for how long they will have to sell their products at reduced prices (how long it takes to achieve customer loyalty) and how sensitive the customers are in terms of price changes.If a little drop in pr ice means a considerable gain in sales then Nature Bros. provoke achieve their target market shares without 3040 percent price cuts as they currently plan to. On the other exceed if this is not the case and customers are not too elastic, then not only discounts but extra promotion will also have to be done and this would mean leaner profit margins with additional promotion costs. Promotion the promotion strategy is fine and tested in the existing markets. Their decision to advertise in cooking magazines is a good one as well. One additional aspect however would be to properly launch their product and activate their brand through a certain resolution or fair. A proper launch and enough publicity can do wonders for a product in any given case.The church sale was the most successful for Morris and made him realize that a marketable product is at hand. Similarly, if ature Bros. were to contact other organizations such as churches or TV shows to use their product, this would result i n a lot of publicity. This along with a few interviews to newspapers and leading cooking magazines will help a lot in creating enough hype and launching the product. Distribution this is probably the weakest assort in the whole plan. There seem to be no formal plans nor strategies regarding the actual distribution of the product. cosmos a young company, Nature Bros. will have to carefully assess which distribution strategies are cheapest and but most effective. Although all products will be sold at grocery stores, Nature Bros. can decide whether it will be supplying directly to these stores or use the services of a third political party in the form of a distribution intermediary. More intermediaries however mean higher product selling prices and this could result in Nature Bros. not effectively achieving their pricing strategy in the new markets and thus eventually losing market share.Q4. Evaluate the information supplied regarding a new product development and physical assets i n light of the pro forma income statements Morris developed.Ans. The case shows that new product development and physical assets are going to be beneficial in nature, primarily due to the reason that the cost of goods sold as projected by the pro forma sheet show a decline over the years. Additionally, sales increase over the years. The new product if developed can help in terms of profits eventually, since profits automatically increase with the decrease in cost of goods sold and increase in sales over the years projected. asunder from operational expenses though, research and development expenses, and depreciation expenses of physical assets would increase causing an increase in the total cost incurred by the organization apart from the cost of goods sold.Q5. Is the capital sought appropriate for the circumstances? If more information is needed, state what it is and how it could be obtained.Ans. The capital sought is not appropriate mainly due to two reasons. The objectives outli ned in terms of market shares are too optimistic in some cases. If Nature Bros. seriously intends to achieve these objectives then they might have to expend a lot more in promotion and also further lower their prices. Secondly although promotion expenses are stated, not much has been give tongue to about other below the lien activities. It is rare that the cost of BTL activities are intimately anticipated and amaze on paper for budgeting purposes.The second reason is that no mention has been made of distribution channels and strategies. This whether they decide to own the channel themselves or employ third parties, in both cases additional expenses will most certainly entail.Lastly, every firm always keeps a certain excessive amount of capital for emergencies. Since these are projections, Nature Bros. will most certainly have to attain a little more extra capital and retain it for unpredictable circumstances.Q6. What sources should Morris approach for this amount of capital?Ans. The product has done well in the past few years. A proper business plan and more professional projections can easily help Morris market his idea to banks as well as more serious venture capitalists in a very effective manner. The best option would be to borrow from a financial refuge as opposed to selling off more rectitude to individuals. This is so because selling off equity might result in loss of ownership and decision power and at this stage conflicts among partners is something Nature Bros. should not risk.The ownership once diluted would result in actually loss of control, and decision qualification power would be vested in the hands of the shareholders. Apart from this, Nature Bros. has become too big to avow solely on funds borrowed from family and friends and is not big enough to go public as yet. and so the best options would be to find capital form either banks at a fixed occupy rate or angel investors who are interested and more patient than other categories of ve nture capitalists.These investors are interested in returns but rarely intervene in the management aspect of the business and are more accommodating as well. This source of funding or capital would help in minify the amount of taxes that the company would have to pay, and additionally, fewer amounts would have to be given out to the shareholders as dividend. Thus any source which costs below the going interest rate and doesnt result in selling of equity would be suitable for Nature Bros.Q7. Based on the current balance sheet, how much equity should he give up for the coronation?The current balance sheet of the company shows some(prenominal) things. One of the basic aspects is the amount of assets that the company holds at this point in time. The total assets are about sixty seven thousand, and corresponding to that, the total liabilities are about fifty eight thousand. This shows that the company can cover its liabilities through the assets that it currently holds. On the other h and, the equity that the company has at this point in time is about nine thousand.A lot of potential in terms of equity investment is seen here since the company can not only withhold the amount of liabilities but also has enough to cater to the shareholders as well in terms of its liquid assets. In this case, about half of the liabilities amount can be given up for the investment and still be able to keep a significant amount of money in the liability section.The ball park figure is assumed in order to create a fifty-fifty balance between the liabilities and the equity side. The ideology is that the amount of figure noted would be able to create enough equity in the organization that would not stake reporting and decision making in the company, and yet, be enough that it balances out the loans taken from banks and other individuals and institutions.ReferencesHisrich, R., Peters, P., & Shepard, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. seventh Edition. IrwinMcGraw-Hill.Entrpreneur.com (n.d.). R etrieved February 17, 2007, from http//www.entrepreneur.com/bizstartups/index.htmlU.S. Small Business Administration (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2007, from http//www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/index.html