Media Bias

On September 11, 2001, the citizens of the United States witnessed a horrific attack on two symbolic buildings in New York City. These tragic events have galvanized the creation and implementation of a myriad of prejudicial and unconstitutional policies designed to provide the illusion of national security while simultaneous creating more instability and animosity between the West and the Middle East. In the wake of 9/11, a multitude of Americans have been overtaken by hysteria and fear. These emotional responses have been generated and intensified by the virtually unanimous Islamophobic propaganda that has been perpetuated by the main stream media. As a result of the media’s anti-Islam campaign, Americans have been persuaded to distrust Muslims, instinctively categorize Muslims as terrorist or potential terrorist, as well as sacrifice essential civil liberties. Scapegoating theorist may argue that this portrayal of Arabs and Muslims is one of the ways the U. S. overnment is attempting to blame this group of individuals for the economic and societal woes that plague 21st-century-America. In addition, many would argue that decades of excessive Western consumption, along with globalization have contributed to a complicated, unjust, and turbulent geopolitical and economic climate, which has created a Western need for Middle Eastern dominance. Regardless of their true motives, we can clearly witness the media’s hostile categorization of Arabs and Muslims as predominately terroristic or potentially terroristic. The New York Post published a cartoon depicting two Muslims, who are complaining to the Associated Press about the NYPD conducting surveillance of their apartment while they are simultaneously constructing IED’s. The suspects are also surrounded by other weapons, as well as ammunition, and contraband. This cartoon exemplifies prejudice, discrimination, and racial profiling, which contribute to a national hostility toward Arabs and animosity between ethnicities and social classes. The ensuing tensions that foment as a result of the media’s propaganda campaign provoke more instability and violence into American society. Further complicating American culture is the increasing number of Arabs and Muslims who are immigrating to the New World. For years, the United States has accepted refugees from various tumultuous Middle Eastern territories, which are suffering from perpetual cultural and political chaos. Unfortunately, while many are granted refugee status, they are also facing political and religious persecution in America. The influx of Arabs into the United States and the terror hysteria created by the main stream media has spawned a new era of nativist xenophobia. Richard T. Schaefer reports the frequent stereotypical portrayal of Arabs and Muslims in the media in Racial and Ethnic Groups Census Update. The author states that, â€Å"rarely are Arab and Muslim Americans shown doing â€Å"normal† behavior such as shopping, attending a sporting event, or just eating without a subtext of terrorism lurking literally in the shadows† (Schaefer, 296). This pervasive and persistent misrepresentation of Arabs and Muslims has intensified and propagated the animosity most Americans have toward this group. In addition to presenting Muslims in a derogatory manner, the cartoon also attempts to justify the necessity of sacrificing civil liberties for supposed security. This cartoon asserts that the NYPD is conducting surveillance because it is instrumental for securing the U. S. and preserving Western civilization as we know it. In this cartoon, the NYPD may be viewed as an exemplary entity employed in the â€Å"War on Terror† and New York City may represent all major cities in the United States, or the United States as a whole. This cartoon demonstrates the media’s attempt to guide public opinion toward accepting the increasingly aggressive behavior of the police and the state department by exaggerating instances of terror plots on American soil, as well as fabricating instances of governmental counter-terror success. A large faction of the media attempts to portray the majority of Arabs as terrorist, and would argue that cities are vulnerable targets of these diabolical individuals. As a result of this propaganda, Americans are lulled into slowly forfeiting their inalienable rights while obtaining a deceiving feeling of safety. The media is a powerful force contributing to the ebbs and flows of social norms and cultural opinion. The aforementioned cartoon provides an example of the media’s efforts to persuade the public and control the masses.

Causes and Effects of the Romantic Period Essay

Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as â€Å"romantic,† although love may occasionally be the subject of romantic art. Rather, it is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in Western cultures thought about themselves and about their world (Melani). In the early seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the enlightment, reason, revolution, age of science and technology created a history that could not be compared to any other time. Political, scientific, social and philosophical upheavals were a new part of an improved world. The romantic period was bought to England through these events which created a whole new world. The romantic period in England began in the early 17th century; Historians argued over the end of the period. The literature of this time is now considered to have lasted into the 1870’s. There are many major concepts that created the ideas written about by writers of the romantic period (Horst). The imagination was elevated to a position as the supreme faculty of the mind (Melani). The Romantics labeled imagination as creativity. It created a new way of art feeling and reasoning. Humans began to see the world with a different appearance. â€Å"Nature† meant many things to the Romantics (Melani). Nature was used as meditation in romantic poetry; it was itself in art. Nature was not viewed as science but as organically unified whole. Symbolism and myth were given great prominence in the Romantic conception of the art (Melani). In the period of Romanticism humans believed symbolism made their art more meaningful. Myth was brought by symbol through the language in art. Other aspects of Romanticism were intertwined with the above three concepts (Melani). Imagination brought importance to feeling and greater attention to the self view in art. Literary history turned poetry into powerful emotions. In Romantic theory, art was valuable for what one saw in them not for what the world viewed. Consequently, the romantics sought to define their goals through systematic contrast with norms of â€Å"Versailles neoclassicism† (Melani). Music changed the behavior of human characteristics and individual activities. People viewed themselves different than others. No one wanted to be alike and they expressed it. The Romantics asserted the  importance of the in individual, the unique, even the eccentric (Melani). Religion was forced but during the romantic period people began to reject it and instead chose their own way of life. The attitude of many of the romantics to the everyday, social world around them was complex. They used colors that were always seen but as techniques advanced, so did their colors. Their art form was not based off legends anymore but off their common language. The Romantics were ambivalent towards the â€Å"real† social world around them (Melani). Artist began to pull themselves away from the public. Through their own emotions they intercepted finally it should be noted that the revolutionary energy underlying the Romantic Movement affected not just literature, but all of the arts – – from music (consider the rise of Romantic opera) to painting, from sculpture to architecture (Melani). The different types of arts that grew during this period spr ead to the rest of the world. The Atlantic side manifested the great landscape painters. The American Revolution, between 1775-1783, was the first war fought for the â€Å"Rights of Men.† It was ideas expressed in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† and the â€Å"Constitution† that explains the â€Å"Enlightened† ideas why revolutions are sometimes necessary (Horst). Based on these new  thoughts a nation was built. The first of these ideas was that â€Å"All men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Locke). The government was created with only the power that the people in the state give it. During the American Revolution the sugar act, stamp act, and tea act were created. The sugar imported from West Indies was increased. Many items and documents required stamps; price was rosin for the colonies to pay defense. In Boston Harbor colonist dressed as Indians dumped tea over board from three ships. The French Revolution was the product of social, economic, and religious political conditions. The social cause of the French revolution was that the hard working class had to give the money they earned to finance the foreign wars. The working class was also the treasury that repaid the nations debt. The working class created the oppressive rule of the monarchist regime. It was successful in helping France from foreign invaders but it was unfair to the general public. The economic cause of the French Revolution was that basic necessities and bread prices were taxed very high for the working class so that they can keep the finance government running. Religion was a big role in the French Revolution. During this time, the nobles and priest who took power over the people to maintain their nobility distorted the principles of Christianity. As a result, religion was blamed for their injustice and was seen as one of the causes that led to the revolt. Society divided into segments. People were told that if they were not in the working class they were a part of the nobles and clergy literature. There was no freedom of speech which affected the nature of literature in expression. Literature at this time was quite restrained. The nobles and the clergy had all the literature material. Art and literature began to take a new turn when the spirit of the revolution caught the nation. Writers at the time were waiting for the right moment to unleash their work. Under a new law the artists and writers were given an amount of freedom to express themselves. The Industrial Revolution created a new world. During this time new technology was created; women and children worked the machinery. Later, children were given an opportunity to childhood. As an escape of the industrial revolution, romantic writes wrote about feelings, dreams, and fairytales. Romanticism determined the real art in literature, music, and visual expression. The romantic period created a new era for England. Literature such as poetry was expressed with feeling. Art was viewed with different ideas and new colors. Creators used imagination through the beauty of nature. Things began to evolve which created a whole new. Essay on Author’s Life, Work and Criticisms Mary Wollstonecraft lived a remarkable life. She â€Å"left her footprints on the stand of time† (Footprints). Wollstonecraft was one of the first advocates for the equal rights for women. Her life spanned the early years of the Age of Revolutions. Mary, born into a wealthy family, was raised with an education only offered to the most important families. Her intellectual, social and inquisitive mind would make her one of the most influential authors in English literature (Horst). Her life, work, and criticism formed the ideas she persuaded in her most famous pieces of writing, â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights to Woman.† Wollstonecraft was born in London in 1759. When she was nineteen she left home and began her own life. Later, Wollstonecraft installed a school at Newington Green. In 1787 she started her literary career. She was hired as a translator and literary advisor for Joseph Johnson. Wollstonecraft became a regular contributor of articles once Johnson’s Analytical Revolution was out. In 1791 two events took place that promoted Wollstonecraft to write her A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Cengage). The new French Constitution and the report on education assist her on writing â€Å"A Vindication  of the Rights of Woman.† She dedicated the beginning part of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman to Tallyerand-Perigord asking him to rethink his ideas about education for woman. Wollstonecraft wrote to many other people standing up for the value of woman and their rights. She felt that they shouldn’t just be viewed as a hopeless houses wife but as an individual willing to succeed in civilized work. In â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman† Wollstonecraft talks a great deal about power – in terms of the statuesque, in regards to women to have power not over men but over themselves (Cengage). â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman† was much acclaimed in radical political circles when it was published, but it also attracted considerable hostility (Cengage). For most of the ninetieth century the book was ignored. It was said to be to a disgrace. In the late twentieth century Wollstonecraft’s treatise was founded as the work of feminism. The author’s attitudes towards the subjects in her book made her book foundational feminist text. Horace Walpole called Wollstonecraft a hyena in petticoats because her work on the book had scandalous reputation. Mary Wollstonecraft was a remarkable woman. She wrote a book called â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman† to help people view women differently. Although authors did not like the subjects in her book it help give the sport to women in the world today. â€Å"I was born for something greater than I was – – and greater I would become, but greatness at last to my distorted perceptions, was no necessary associate of goodness, and my wild thoughts were unchecked by moral considerations when they rioted in dreams of distinction.† (Shelly). Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was a feminist only insofar as she followed her mother’s ideas about unrestricted education for woman and equality with in a marriage (victorianweb). She wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† and became known as one of the most important authors in the early 1800’s. She struggled through most of her life but it never stopped her from being one of the famous authors in literature. Her life, work and criticism help form her structure in writing. Mary was born August 30, 1791 and died in the year of 1851. Mary was raised by her step mother and her father. The step mom did not want her show any of her mother’s principles. Mary didn’t like her step mother because she saw what her mother had not been. Mary was taught to read and write at home. She was encouraged by her father to use her imagination. She started scribbling at a young age. She used her father’s  library and sat quietly listening to her father’s discussions over political, philosophical, scientific, and literary things. Later she reunited with her mother in London but her father found out and forbidden her from seeing her mother. Mary’s first baby was born February 22, 1815 and died two week later. She than gave birth to two other kids. Mary Shelley’s novel called â€Å"Frankenstein† also known as â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† was published in March 1818. She started writing this novel at the age of nineteen. The novel opens up with a letter. Robert Walton sends a letter to his sister in England. In the first part of this novel Victor tells his story. He talks about his childhood and his sister. He gives some information on his education but mostly about what he has been though and how much he loves his sister. Laura Claridge says that she created Frankenstein based off of her troubles in family relationships. She says that Victor was created off being neglected in childhood but Shelley says he is nurturing and warm with family. She says that the story is supported well. The theme to her was based off of connections to Shelley’s own life story just in a different way and setting. Over all the story had viewed Shelley as a victim as being neglected which might have affected her in the long run but helped her create a well written story. Mary Shelley created a great novel. Even though lots of things that accrued during her life time affected her she didn’t let that stop her from expressing in literature. She became a great writer though the work of her mother. Essay of Analysis’s of both Author’s Work Mary Wollstonecraft wrote â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights to Woman† to help give women the right to be seen as more than the one who cares for the home. She didn’t like the idea of not letting women be involved in education. She didn’t think it was fair she wanted them to be treated equally. Women could be more than what they were seen to do because they had no one to speck up for them Mary Wollstonecraft did what she though what was best and wrote a book that would be remembered for life. Her novel includes hyperbole, symbol, and repetition as her literary devices. Mary Wollstonecraft used hyperbole as a one of her many literary devices. One of the themes that she used to provide this literary device was liberalism. Liberalism rests on description between the public and private spheres, maintaining that the state guarantees rights and leaves families to make their own choices (Phelan P.3). Mary Wollstonecraft didn’t want property to be undesirable she just wanted woman to be financially independent instead of always have to wait for everything through their husband and be stuck at home. Symbol is also a part of this theme. Her symbol was women. She didn’t want women to have all the power in the world. She wanted them to be viewed equal. To her men only viewed them as â€Å"innocent, delicate, feminine, and beautiful† of courses women are truth to this factor but they weren’t seen for what they could do if they had the chance. (Phelan P.1). The two themes that were tied into repetition are education reform and the need for a revolution in female manners. In chapter three, Wollstonecraft writes, â€Å"It is time to effect a revolution in the female manners – time to restore to them their lost dignity – and make them, as a part of the human species, labour by reforming themselves to reform the world. It is time to separate unchangeable morals for local manners.† (Phelan P.2). In chapter thirteen she says again that women should be more involved in the mankind world everything has a value and women are as important as man. To her education was a great value. Education reform one of the themes in her novel also used repetition. Education wasn’t set to be for just men it was also be for women. She wanted boys and girls to be in a class room setting together she knew that girls and boys could both be taught the same things. Liberalism used hyperbole, symbol, and repetition. Wollstonecraft didn’t wont women to be labeled. She wanted girls to know that they weren’t created to be more or less then guys they were to be equal. Education was to key to success for women. She wrote the book hoping to let everyone know that no matter what gender you are you were always meant to be treated the same with all equal right and liberties. Her book opened the eyes of many people. Wollstonecraft had hyperbole, symbol, and repetition as her literary devices included in her novel. Women are not just a piece of art for men to view. If they were given a chance they could do more than men. Every in this world was created equal. With this mind setting later viewed things changed and gave women the chance to vote and be involved in more things than just being stuck at home. Marry Shelley’s story â€Å"Frankenstein† is about a man who created a creature that frightened everyone including himself. The book was and still  is a story that everyone is amazed by because of its imagination. She wrote Frankenstein in the summer of 1816 and later anonymously published in 1818; she had been inspired from all the things that occurred in her family. Marry Shelley included symbolism, imagery, and tone to create Frankenstein. Marry used light as a symbol for knowledge. Walton explains the secret of the universe to be unveiled in the North Pole which he describes as â€Å"a country of eternal lights (litchart). In the book, Victor feels like he accomplished something when â€Å"a light had broken upon him† there for again using light as a symbol of knowledge. Marry also uses fire; fire was the one thing a person wasn’t supposed to have according to Greek mythology because it was something that only belonged to the Gods. He was punished for â€Å"playing God† when making the creature. His family was singled out and killed it was a similar way of prolonged torture. Fire appears throughout the novel as a dangerous focused used for sustenance and punishment (litchart). Mary Shelley uses a lot of descriptive words in telling the story. She uses imagery throughout her whole story. She tells the story in a way where we can see it all that happening. Victor is the narrator in the story; he’s telling the story whole story to Walton. The way it is described creates suspense for the reader. If Mary Shelley didn’t use imagery in her book we wouldn’t be able to imagine the characters. The tone used in her story varies through what’s going on in the book. The tones that the story has are romantic, gothic, tragic, and fatalistic; all these tones are what help create a great story like Frankenstein. Romantic tone is used as an affect to nature. The story ties into begin gothic because of all the supernatural and creepy events that happen throughout the novel. Sadness is how the tragic tone is part of the story because people loose their loved ones. The biggest tragedy is the monster has no outlet for his feeling of benevolence towar ds humanity (shmoop). A sense of fatalism is used in the novel when people seem to be predestined; one single act sets them in motion. Mary was able to create a wonderful story because of those literary devices. With her wild and creative imagination she was able to fascinate us. Mary refers to light by using fire for symbolism; she uses descriptive words to create imagery and different tones to help put feeling in her book. Brief Conclusion Summarizing all the Ideas of the Paper The Romantic Period was of great help to England. It created know ways of expression in literature. Mary Wollstonecraft and her daughter Escobar 15 became great writers thanks to the changes that happened in the Romantic Period. Marry Wollstonecraft who wrote â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights to Woman† was of great help to us women. Thanks to her novel we were able to be seen an equal individual with the right to work, vote, and receive an education to became some one in life. She used literacy devices to help her create her novel. Marry Shelley became a great writer as well thanks to her mother. She wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† a novel that is still used today. She had good imagination and created her novel. Literature experience changes during the Romantic period which help create great novels in to day’s life. Work Cited Page(s) â€Å"A Biographical Sketch of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley† 24 Jan. 2003 http://www.victorian.web.org/previctorian/mshelley/bio.html â€Å"British Critic Review of Frankenstein† March 1818 http://www.rc.ud.edu/refrence â€Å"How did the industrial revolution affect the literature of the romantic period?† http://answer.yahoo.com/index?qid=20090327121140AA4FG â€Å"Frankenstein Summary† 22 Feb. 2012 http://www.encotes.com/frankenstein Escobar 16 â€Å"Frankenstein Study Guide – Mary Shelley – eNotes.com† 22 Feb. 2012 http://www.enotes.com/frankenstein â€Å"Interesting Facts & Information: Recent Articles.† http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/fance/causes-of-the-freanch- revolution/1044 7 March 2012 â€Å"Introduction: Mary Shelley Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Criticism.† 22 Feb. 2012 http://www.enotes.com â€Å"Presentation of Criticism of Frankenstein† www.peoetsform.com/papers/200_4.html Cengage, Gale. â€Å"Marry Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Criticism.† http://www.enotes.com/vindication-rights Woman-criticism/vindication-rights-woman-mar†¦ 22 March 2012 Horst,Suzanne. â€Å"How to Write Cause and Effect.† Tolleson Union High School. 5 March 2012. Leture Lombardi, Esther. â€Å"Romantic Period Where Did It All Begin?’’ About.com 9 Feb. 2012. Print. Martin, Kelly. Social Contract.† American History: About.com 27 Feb. 2012 Escobar 17 Phelan, Renee â€Å"Literary Summary: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, By Marry Wollstonecraft† http://reviews.wikinut.com Shelley, Mary. â€Å"Sites about Frankenstein: or, the Modern Prometheus† 22 March 2012 http://www.ipl.org/div/litrit.out.pl?ti=fra63 Scott, Walter. â€Å"Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine of Frankenstein, 1818† 20 March – 1 April 1818 http://www.rc.und.edu/refrences/chronologies/mshronology/reviews/ bemrev.html

PESO Online Job Posting System Essay

INTRODUCTION Today, we are living in a modern age engaged in highly computerized technology where computer devices manifest everywhere aiming to enhance individual lifestyle and most especially in the world of business. Manual operations are considered out of date and are left behind because of modern technology. Using computers and modern technology is a great help to every individual most especially to business transaction. Individuals and companies today wants manual operations to be replace with an automated one in order for them to have a better and easy lifestyle and operations. But today, many companies even local government offices are using manual operations that consume a lot of time, money and effort that gives every individual and companies a hard time. As modern technology continues to improve, all processes are automated and are moved onto the web or cloud based. The online job posting system replace the manual operation of the office regarding the posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Online job posting will improve the office services and provides convenience on the applicants, employers and office staff. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Public Employment Service Office or PESO is a multi-service facility that was established to provide information and assistance to DOLE clients and constituents of local government units (LGU’s). It makes available under one roof the various employment programs and services of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to enable all types of clientele to know more about them and to provide assistance on employment and income opportunities or other specific assistance needed. It’s services are to provide job fairs, livelihood and self-employment bazaars, Special Credit Assistance for Placed Overseas Workers, Special Program for Employment of Students and Out-of-School Youth, Work Appreciation Program, Workers Hiring for  Infrastructure Projects and Other programs/activities developed by DOLE to enhance provision of employment assistance to PESO clients HISTORY This study focuses on the ordering process in Public Employment Service Office. The Public Employment Service Office or PESO is a non-fee charging multi-employment service facility or entity established or accredited pursuant to Republic Act No. 8759 otherwise known as the PESO Act of 1999. The Republic Act No. 8759 was signed in to law on February 14, 1999. Its purpose is to carry out full employment and equality of employment opportunities. Duties: 1. Ensure the prompt, timely and efficient delivery of employment service and provision of information on the other DOLE programs. 2. Provide a venue where people could explore simultaneously various employment options and actually seek assistance they prefer. 3. Serve as referral and information center for the various services and programs of DOLE and other government agencies present in the area. 4. Provide clients with adequate information on employment and labor market situation in the area. 5. Network with other PESOs within the region on employment for job exchange purposes. Functions: 1. Encourage employers to submit to the PESO on a regular basis a list of job vacancies in their respective establishments in order to facilitate the exchange of labor market information services to job seekers and employers by providing employment services to job seeker, both for local and overseas employment, and recruitment assistance to employers. 2. Develop and  administer testing and evaluation instruments for effective job selection, training and counseling. 3. Provide persons with entrepreneurship qualities access to the various livelihood and self-employment programs offered by both government and non-governmental organizations at the provincial/city/municipal/barangay levels by undertaking referrals for such program. 4. Undertake employability enhancement trainings/seminar for jobseekers as well as those would like to change career or enhance their employability. This function is presently supervised by TESDA and conducted by other training. 5. Provide employment and occu pational counseling, career guidance, mass motivation and values development activities. 6. Conduct pre-employment counseling and orientation to prospective local and overseas workers. 7. Provide reintegration assistance services to returning Filipino migrant workers. 8. Perform such functions as willfully carry out the objectives of this Act. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART Figure 1: PESO Organization Chart RESEARCH LOCALE Figure 2: PESO Location Map PROBLEM DEFINITION Currently, the Public Employment Service Office at San Jose Del Monte Bulacan is using a manual operation in posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Companies having a hard time on submitting reports about the applicants they hire because of the manual operation, thus, the PESO staff are also having a hard time creating reports.  Inconvenience, the applicants need to go to the office from time to time for them to know what jobs are available. And the companies must send a  representative to communicate and present the needed requirements before they can become a qualified employer for PESO. The problems stated above will all be solved using the proposed system which is the Online Job Posting System. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Generally this study aims to solve issues that happened in the manual operations in Public Employment Service Office. The study is conducted to find out if minimizing the manual operations with an online job posting system could help Public Employment Service Office customers to achieve quality ordering service. Specifically, it aims to; Identify the key issues relating to the development of an online job posting system and understand the flow posting of jobs, referral and screening of applicants, recording and creation of reports and information and screening and communication with companies. Identify the problem that the staffs, employers and applicants encountered in the existing manual operations of PESO Provide a solution for the identified problem. SCOPES AND LIMITATION . The system which is job posting system will be implemented for the Public Employment Service Office. The system will be used by the staffs, employers, and applicants. The system will allow the applicants to browse jobs and be notified to new qualified jobs. It will also make the registrations of the applicants easy by not needing for them to go to the office. It will also benefit the employers, they will be no longer need to go the office just to communicate and give requirements. It will also make the creation of reports easy on the part of staffs and employers. On the other hand, the system limitations are, only citizens of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan can register online; citizens of other city are required to go to the office of PESO of CSJDM for special cases. The said system cannot be used when there is power shortage and can only be used if there is an internet connection. Notifications through SMS are limited to those who provide their contact information and to those who have a good network signal. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 3: Project Sytem Logo SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The study will help the PESO to improve and speed up their services. The developed system will greatly improve the processes and replace the manual operations with a more organized and automated processes. It will give benefit the staffs, employers and applicants. Staffs- the proposed system will help the staffs to provide a more reliable and easy to do reports and records, more effective and efficient way of job posting, easier way of screening, giving referrals, communicating with applicants and employers and will eliminate human errors.. Employers-the proposed system will help the employers to provide a more reliable and easy to do reports and records, convenient way of submitting requirements and communicating with PESO staffs. Applicants- the proposed system will help the applicants to register and search for jobs in a more convenient and easier way. It will save them effort, time and money. Proponents. The study allowed the proponents to gain knowledge and experience doing rese arch study and learn how to automate a particular process. The study gives a great aid to the proponents to have a first-hand experience in making a system which can contribute to the suitable solution of the company’s necessity. Future Researchers. The study serves as a guide for future researchers having the same field of topic and subject matter. The study is capable of being an instrument and as future point of reference for the correlated study. The material can be a helpful citation of ideas to the future researchers having the same field of research. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS User Interface- the space where interaction between humans and machines occurs. The goal of interaction between a human and a machine at the user interface is effective operation and control of the machine and feedback  from the machine which aids the operator in making operational decisions. Admin- the admin will maintain the system it can review reject and approve the profiles of every applicant or employer and jobs recruitment request of the company. Profiling- the act or process of extrapolating information about a person based on what is already known. Analysis – is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development. Login – The process of identifying oneself to a computer, usually by entering one’s username and pas sword. Logout – Once a user has logged in, they can then log out or log off when access is no longer needed. To log out is to close off one’s access to a computer system after having previously logged in. Referral – the process of directing or redirecting to an appropriate agency TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) – is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets: retrieved October 2, 2014) Database – is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database: retrieved October 2, 2014) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) – is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS). It specifies all domain levels, including the top-level domain and the root zone. A  fully qualified domain name is distinguished by its lack of ambiguity: it can only be interpreted one way. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name: retrieved October 2, 2014) Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) -is the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ), within the web page content. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_text_markup_language: retrieved October 2, 2014) JavaScript (JS) – is an interpreted computer programming language. JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has first-class functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript: retrieved October 2, 2014) JQuery – is a multi-browser JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. JQuery is free, open source software, licensed under the MIT License. J query’s syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, theme-able widgets. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jQuery: retrieved October 2, 2014) Microsoft Excel -is a spread sheet application developed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual  Basic for Applications. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/jQuery: retrieved October 2, 2014) MySQL – runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases, though SQLite probably has more total embedded deployments. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL: retrieved October 2, 2014) Network – Is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network: retrieved October 2, 2014) Portable Document Format (PDF) – is a file format used to represent documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called â€Å"Camelot† that evolved into PDF. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network: retrieved October 2, 2014) PHP – is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. Server – A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server: retrieved October 2, 2014) Web browser- displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. On a network, a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web server. On a higher level, the web server may restrict access to only a private network such as a corporate intranet or it provide access to the World Wide Web. On a lower level, the web browser uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to make such requests. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser: retrieved October 2, 2014) Webpage – is a web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webpage: retrieved October 2, 2014) Web server – can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running enterprise applications. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server: retrieved October 2, 2014) World Wide Web – is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_wide_web: retrieved October 2, 2014) XAMPP – is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. (L. Grimmer, 2006)

The international debt crisis-causes, consequences, and remedies Research Paper

The international debt crisis-causes, consequences, and remedies - Research Paper Example A nation usually runs a surplus in the capital account when it runs a current account deficit. A capital account surplus is an inflow of the foreign capita; in the nation which is often advantageous to a country. The main question that is posted by critiques is where these monies go and their role in the growth and development of the economies. If it is used for consumption, it will not have any injections and therefore more debts. It will be more stress to the country as opposed to when it is invested. It is unarguable that debt crisis is a challenge to a number of countries across the globe. In a number of economies, the crisis started during the mid-1970s when a number of the Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) managed to amass wealth and banks were willing to lend billions of dollars. A number of developing economies borrowed huge sums of money at floating and low interest rates. Due to the irresponsibility of the debtor governments and the creditors, the money borrowed was not used in the productive purposes, i.e. investment; rather it was used for immediate consumption. Consequently, these countries could not generate enough finances to repay the loans. The incidences of adjustable interest loans increased during Reagan’s administration in the United States to reduce inflation through the enforcement of stringent rules. (Madura, 2012) During this time, the prices of the raw materials collapsed, meaning that a number of poor countries did not have enou gh money to repay the debts. Most developing countries failed to pay their debts and have heavily relied on the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. There was however a condition those countries were to adopt economic structural adjustments. The government of the affected countries was forced to cut costs on education, health, and other social services to be able to repay the debts. In Latin America, the per capita of most countries plummeted, the GDP stagnated and

Cultural and Thematic factors of the two version of the film Let the Essay

Cultural and Thematic factors of the two version of the film Let the Right One in - Essay Example The theme of bullying occurs as a major one in forming the plot and in building the main characters’ friendship. The cultural aspect that is enriched by this theme is the absenteeism of a male or father figure in the boy’s life, which makes it hard for him to speak out. The result is an identity crisis with no reliable model and coming from a broken family. It is culturally wrong for a boy child especially in the years the movie is set in to confide in their mother or a woman. The twist comes in when the boy confides in the new girl and this makes their connection point. The immediate theme related to bullying is the coming-of-age of the boy and the girl (Ajvide Lindqvist & Segerberg, 2008). The boy has to take care and defend himself for the first time while the girl is forced to look for food all by herself when her benefactor â€Å"father† dies. This maturity process is culturally appropriate and their ages, early teens, are perfect for the themes exploration. The theme of gender and sexuality is explored in the film’s main characters with the remake of the film portraying a more contemporary boy-girl relationship than the original version. The rationale behind this is the difference in setting, where the original film is set in Stockholm, while the remake is set in New Mexico. A great distance exists between the two settings culturally in that the original is more conservative in terms of the relationship portrayed between the two lead acts, while the remake alludes to a more open society where gender/sexuality is not something to be ashamed of at all stages. The other cultural difference is in the setting of the movies (Wright, 2010). The theme of loneliness and identity loss occasioned by growing in an impoverished and dark kind of neighborhood comes out in the film. The original being set in Sweden manages to convey a darker neighborhood with no history, no church, and the buildings/complexes are a bit eerie. The

Supplements, nutrients, and stored energy to the proper function of Essay

Supplements, nutrients, and stored energy to the proper function of the human body - Essay Example Nutritional supplements are products from foods used for the support of good health and treatment of illnesses. According to the dietary supplement health and education act (DSHEA), supplements are not foods put contain the elements in the food that increase their supply to the body. â€Å"The supplements contain one or more ingredients of the diet including minerals, vitamins and amino acid† (Liddle and Connor, P. 487). The use of supplements and energy stores is high due to an increase in demand of energy that cannot be provided through food intake during any particular incidence of a meal. The demand for this energy is to promote weight gain, enhance weight loss or improve the performance of athletes. Vitamins and minerals as supplements contain micronutrients that are responsible for enhancing the normal hormonal and chemical functions of the body. These supplements are important for enhancing the reproductive functionality of hormones, as well as other endocrine functions of the body. Botanical (herbal) supplements are ingested for their medical functions in the body. â€Å"The botanical supplements are taken to support specific areas of functionality of the body† (Calbet et al., P. 1005). These areas could be for the improvement of the liver, skin, bone or kidney function, thus are important for the improvement of the efficiency in the functionality of the targeted part. â€Å"Supplements and energy stores are composed of combinations of two or more of the eight key nutrients that are important for the proper functionality of the body† (Frary, Johnson, and Wang, P. 56). Calcium is one of the eight key nutrients that is important for bone formation, muscle contraction and helps in the transmission of nerve cell messages. Calcium is chiefly derived from the dairy foods but can also be acquired from vegetables like

Consumption Today vs. Consumption Tomorrow Essay

Consumption Today vs. Consumption Tomorrow - Essay Example Brie tarts. Tansy cakes with peppermint cream† for William’s training, gear and other expenses to win in the Rouen tournament. In a sense, it is their capital to â€Å"to glory and riches none of us ever dreamed of†. Taking this in a bigger context such as the choices presented to the government with its consumption today and investment tomorrow, it meant striking the balance between addressing theâ€Å"Eel pie. Brie tarts. Tansy cakes with peppermint cream† of today with the â€Å"glory and riches none of us ever dreamed† of tomorrow. In simpler terms, it meant that government has to allocate its resources to satisfy the need of today (i.e. social security, food security, defense, etch) versus the need of tomorrow. Addressing the need of tomorrow meant investing today and this could have in several forms such as education, research and development, resource exploration, supporting start-up companies etch. Thus, the resources of the government must be effectively allocated so that it could address the needs of its people today as well as

Production of Quality Goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production of Quality Goods - Essay Example There is a greater awareness of preferences, choices, and customization among customers. This has posed a great challenge to the industries at large. Trans National Corporations' (TNC's) producing at large scale find it very hard to break their production run and set their machines for new orders as it is rarely economically feasible for them. However, the cutthroat competition among competitors have forced production engineers and supervisors to come up with new and innovative technologies to produce customized products on a mass scale. Computer and IT Technology, artificial intelligence, and flexible production lines driven by innovation have led to the possibility of mass customization. The idea is that industry should produce what is demanded and not what it expects to be demanded. For that to happen practically, times required to change jobs have to be reduced. In printing industry machine operators are averse to short run jobs, as setting time for a new job is significant. A new job setting requires mainly cleaning, changing blankets, making printing plates, setting color, and supplying logistics- right sizes and colors of paper/board and ink respectively. One critical step is taking the old ink out, cleaning the fountain roller on top of color units, and again filling them up with new inks. Sometimes this may take more than 15 minutes, provided each crewmember is available at each color unit.

How the introduction of a new technology can assist an organisation in Dissertation

How the introduction of a new technology can assist an organisation in achieving its business objectives (Apple Company) - Dissertation Example The organization that will be the centre of the research is Apple Incorporation with focus on their iphone and ipad products. This study is significant in view of the fact that Apple Inc is considered as the leading organization in computing and mobile information innovation (Shi, 2011). Apple Inc is ranked 35 in Fortune 500 of 2011, 21 ranks higher compared with last year (www.fortune.com). The company’s increased in rank is visible manifestation not only of increased revenue, but it is also a show of the company exists expanding market and its capacity in creating new ones. Furthermore, in order to address the topic of the research, a look into the objectives of the Apple Inc., as well as, the company’s performance in the market will be performed. 1.2. Reasons for the Topic Chosen Fast phased developments in technology are an essential attribute of the contemporary period, especially in the business world (Andersen, 2001). The reasons behind why this topic has been chosen are because 1) Integral in the survival of contemporary organizations is it response to the challenges and demands of new technologies (Thomas 1994, p. 235). As such, the research believes that understanding the alignment between objectives and new technologies can further the knowledge necessary in apprehending the business environment of organisations. 2) Apple Inc is considered as one of the most innovative organizations in computer and mobile technology in the world (Voice of the Innovators, 2004). An insight regarding how the company keeps its leadership in technological innovation while pursuing its objectives helps in gaining an understanding regarding how new technologies can help organisations attain its goals. 3) The researcher views the alignment of new technologies and business objectives of the organisation can be considered as a powerful strategy that companies may utilised as they compete in the global market. In this regard, the experience of Apple Inc. affirms this view. Since, the company is not only

It strategy vs business strategy Essay Example for Free

It strategy vs business strategy Essay In most organizations IT expenditure is considered as one of the larger if not the largest contributor to capital investment and expenditure. Technology has a significant effect on the business landscape of most organizations and the market place they operate in. The goal of IT as such should be directed toward the alignment of IT strategy with an organizations overall business strategy (Mulcay, 2001). It is argued though that the inability to successfully derive value from IT investment is, for the most part due to a lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Johnson and Scholes cited by Riley (2012) define strategy as follows Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations. In unpacking the definition, simply the business strategy that the business has decided to follow needs accurate configuration of resource human resource, technology resource, financial resource etc., so as to gain competitive advantage, meet objectives and stakeholder expectation. Henderson Venkatraman (1999) argue that there is no IT application or system, regardless of how cutting edge or sophisticated it maybe, that will build and sustain a competitive advantage for an organization for a sustained period of time. Organizations, in order to sustain competitive advantage should continuously endeavor to exploit its IT functionality and resource to maintain an advantage. In my opinion this is achieved by out of the box, evolutionary thinking by both business and IT leaders. Furthermore, both business and IT leaders need to understand fully the role that IT can support and re-shape business strategy decisions and improve IT effectiveness and ultimately improve business performance. SHOULD A COMPANYS IT STRATEGY FOLLOW ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY OR SHOULD IT LEAD ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY? WHY In my opinion IT is vary rarely the core business unless of course we mention Microsoft or Google and the like where technology is the primary focus area  but it must noted that the actual business process for each is different and intellectual property is what is regarded most valuable. Hence, I agree with (Abate 2009, Henderson Venkatraman 1999, Skriletz 2013) and many other researchers and commentators, that ITs role should be regarded as the enabler or driver of the business strategy. ITs strategy, investment; architecture even projects all need be dictated by overall business strategy, but should be part of process that helps the formation of the overall strategy. IT leaders need to possess the knowledge of new enabling technologies and how these technologies can be integrated into the business. Very often the business strategy is formed and developed in isolation and IT is seen as a support function only, rather than as function that can contribute to forming the strategy itself. IT leaders need to be part of the process that delivers the direction the business chooses to follow. Luftman Brier (1999) echo this sentiment in that just as HR and marketing are important parts of strategy so to should IT. Venkatraman and Henderson (2000) assert that business strategists cannot be seen to take the leading role whilst the IT strategist is seen as a support role. It is imperative both take the lead in designing the business platform. Business and IT strategists working together to shape new business; IT is not subordinate to business strategy but an extricate part of it. FACTORS TO CONSIDER Technology is seen as one of key elements that drive change and transformation. Intelligent use of technology can deliver a competitive advantage, streamline processes create cost efficiencies and optimization for most organizations and as organizations strive for these competitive advantages and efficiencies it would really not be prudent to exclude the technology people from the process of strategy development as those organizations that do include them, will certainly claim the competitive edge and advantage. Regardless of what industry youre in, its hard to think about a business  that couldnt exploit IT for competitive advantage if they chose to, says Barbara Gomolski, an analyst at Gartner cited in an article by Moore (2011). The industries that have seen growth by aligning IT and business strategy and have used it as a driver and an enabler include the airline industry that has leveraged IT and now allows customers to book directly with carriers rather than involving third party agents. The banking industry has really embraced technology with the likes of online banking and transactions, which show true alignment and involvement of IT in business strategy and goal setting. Technology drives their growth. The sentiment shared and one that I agree with is that by including IT in the formulation of business strategy will certainly assist the organization in achieving its goals. The exploitation of technology as a means is key and if you dont necessarily feel that, then I guarantee IT is treated as being outside of the core business strategy and as a result the organization is not deriving value from one of its most if not the most valuable resources. References Venkatraman N Henderson JC. 2000: Business platforms for the 21st Century, in Mastering Information Management, edited by DA Marchand, TH Davenport T Dickson. Great Britain: Prentice Hall: 283-289 Mulcay K. 2001: The IT Dilemma. World Trade, 14(4): 48-48. Henderson JC Venkatraman N. 1999: Strategic Alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organisations. IBM Systems Journal, 38(23): 472-484. Luftman J Brier T. 1999: Achieving and Sustaining Business-IT alignment. California Management Review, 42(1): 109-122. Abate R, (2008) IT should be an enabler to business [Available online at] http://www.information-managem e nt.com/blogs/IT_business-10015571-1.html (Accessed 18 June 2014) Skriletz R (2013) How to make IT a business enabler [Available online at] http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/16788 (Accessed 18 June 2014) Moore J (2011) Make It part of your Business Strategy [Available online at ] http://www.cnbc.com/id/44818677 (Accessed 18 June 2014) Riley J, (2012) What is strategy [Available online at] http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htm (Accessed 18 June 2014)

Regulation of Smoking in US Public Housing

Regulation of Smoking in US Public Housing Sudhakar Ponugoti Abstract This policy decision contains many significant public health suggestions, given the trouble of having smoke in multiunit housing. About 7 million people in United States are stays in public housing, among 10 units 4 units possessed by families with kids. The response of Residents is very little when they are open to tobacco smoke; moreover, policy and preparation among this region are changing In the recent years, due to increased consumer demand and raised health concerns lead landlords made their housing units smoke free. In addition minor number of local bodies has banned smoking in multifamily residential buildings. However policies of no smoking are rare in public housing. Till now only 140 PHAs around the country which counts of only 4% of the total PHAs have stated that they had banned smoking in public housing which they had undertook Methods: By referring the publications related to regulation of public housing in U.S and journal of the New England journal of medicine – â€Å"Regulation of Smoking in Public Housing† Through referring publishers –like smoking-cessation/health-effects-secondhand-smoke and Journal of the New England journal of medicine Keywords: non-smokers, second hand smokers the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) ,Public Housing Authorities (PHAs),health disorders Purpose: The main purpose of these term papers is about the regulation of smoking in public housing in U.S which is causing several health implications to non-smokers and the steps taken by us federal government Introduction: Effects of second hand smoke: Breathing the smoke that breathed out from the cigarette by a smoker is just about equivalent sum When you take in the smoke that comes from the end of a lit cigarette, belvedere, or pipe (side stream smoke) or the smoke that is breathed out by a smoker (standard smoke), youre breathing in practically the same measure of chemicals as the smoker takes in. the smoke from tobacco holds more than 4,000 distinctive chemical gases, among them 50 are known to be cause disease. These are simply a couple of the chemicals that enters into your lungs when you are presented to second-hand smoke †¢Hydrogen cyanide a very noxious gas utilized within synthetic weapons and pest control †¢Benzene a part of gas †¢Formaldehyde a concoction used to treat carcasses †¢Carbon monoxide a harmful gas (WebMD, 2014). In 2006 the report by health surgeon affirmed that used smoking (additionally called automatic or passive smoking) can leads to death, and it reasoned that no part second hand smoke is safe and good. Most exposure to second smoke leads body more susceptible to more diseases. In Americans about 126 million nonsmoking people are open to secondhand smoke at work and home. In U.S every year almost 50,000 deaths in adult nonsmokers are caused because of second hand smoke. Lung cancer epidemic increased by 20% to 30% in nonsmokers and heart disease by 25% to 30% when they inhale the secondhand smoke. It is estimated that about 3,000 deaths each year in nonsmokers are due to lung diseases because of secondhand smoke in nonsmokers Every year About 46000 of nonsmokers die with heart disease because of who living with smokers. Around 300,000 children who are below the age of 18 months suffer respiratory infections from secondhand smoke; 7,500 to 15,000 of them must be diagnosed (NCBI, 2010). Secondhand smoke shows a great impact on health of on nonsmokers, mainly like cancer and heart disease Cancer Cancer is the significant and prevailing epidemic which is of main concentration caused due to exposure to second hand smoke. Among this Lung cancer is most prevailing due to the effect of second-hand smoke exposure and this responsible for the cause of breast cancer, cervical cancer and different types of cancer, Heart Disease Latest research shows that even 10 minutes of exposure to second hand smoke cause damage to hearth and breathing problems. Due to smoking habit the platelets in the blood gets affected badly that they become more stickier and makes the arteries clog the blood and may leads to heart stroke.69% of higher risk of heart disease has been recorded in women in latest research and 56% higher risk of stroke when compared to those who are not exposed. Children and Second-hand Smoke: Children are mainly susceptible to the effects which are caused by second-hand smoke because their bodies are so sensitive and still developing and they breathe faster rate than adults. These conditions associated with second hand smoke in children: †¢Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) †¢Increased number of respiratory infections †¢More severe and frequent asthma attacks †¢Ear infections †¢Chronic cough Smoking by pregnant lady leads to deformation of baby inside. In some cases it may leads to premature delivery, low birth weight, SIDS, mental retardation, learning problems, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More the smoking by the mother greater the risk to unborn. (WebMD, 2014). Literature review: This paper mainly reviews the evaluative literature on policies and other interferences designed to prevent smoking in public housing. I started about the implications that are related to smoking particularly who it effects the non-smokers. Then described the policies which are undertaken by U.S government in regulating the smoking in public housing. The following headings were used: implications of health of exposure to tobacco smoke in residential buildings, smoke free house and right to smoke. Finally, in this review, we offer some recommendations regarding the problem.. Implications of health of exposure to tobacco smoke in residential building: More than 250 poisonous metals, chemicals have been identified in tobacco smoke by national toxicological programme (NTP) among them 11 are of class A carcinogens. Many epidemiologic studies had proven non-smokers can be effected to lung cancer and cardiac disease when they expose to tobacco smoke. The surgeon general had reported that there is no considered safe level of exposure. The less exposure to tobacco smoke can also effect the non-smokers. Particularly the ageing people and disabled people with cardiac or pulmonary function more prone to tobacco smoke The rates and seriousness of asthma and other respiratory ailments, and also the rate of sudden newborn child passing syndrome, are expanded around kids exposed to tobacco smoke.in a multiunit building a single person who smokes in his unit putting the other units people at risk. The tobacco smoke can be spread through air, cracks in the wall and floors to other units of the floor. Abnormal amounts of tobacco poisons can hold on in the indoor environment long after the time of active smoking — a spectacle known as third-hand smoke. Tobacco poisons are circulated as unpredictable mixes and airborne particulate matter that are stored on indoor surfaces and reemitted in the air around over a time of days to years. In families in which one or more individuals smoke, the urine levels of the tobacco-particular cancer-causing agent nicotine-inferred nitrosamine ketone (NNK) are reliably higher in babies than in non-smoking grown-ups, representing either a differential reaction to the same poison load or expanded exposure of kids through closer contact with smoke-polluted mats, furniture, clothes, and floors’. Tobacco-smoke exposure in public housing is a serious problem because it affects the poor and weak populaces. In 2008–2009, 32% of families in public housing included elderly persons, 35% included incapacitated persons, and 41% included kids. The mean yearly salary of family units in public housing throughout this period was $13,289. Teenagers who lives in public housing are recognised to be at high hazard for the experimentation of cigarettes at their early stages. No-smoking runs in homes have been connected with generously decreased levels of biochemical markers of tobacco presentation and low risk of health around non-smokers. Such approaches can likewise empower smoking discontinuance around family unit members, demoralize the start of smoking by adolescents, and diminish the rate of house flames (Jonathan.p, 2014). House of smoke free and right to smoke: Private Managers of multiunit private structures are starting to react to market interest and the possibility of decreased expenses by embracing no-smoking arrangements. Study findings show that residents are frequently troubled by tobacco smoke and that four out of five non-smokers might lean toward a smoke-free building policy. In Chicago a 440 unit tall construction is the first in that city to restrict smoking in all units, basic ranges, and outside spaces. In Oregon, a significant property-administration organization has established no-smoking methods for something like 8000 units. Some neighborhood governments have limited smoking in multiunit homes with respect to private enterprises. Three California urban areas as of late sanctioned laws precluding smoking in some or all units of multiunit private housing. Since 2006, around twelve various groups have talked about whether to force smoking limitations that might influence multiunit homes. In 1997, the Utah lawmaking body passed a law explicitly allowing proprietors to boycott smoking in residential units. Notwithstanding the archived risks of tobacco-smoke exposure, these activities are controversial. Critics contend that not governments or landowners ought to interfere with occupants freedom to smoke and that such limitations damage protection rights. However, courts have held that the due-procedure provision of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.s. Constitution, which restricts government obstruction in individual freedom and protection, gives just the most negligible level of security for smoking. Governments require to show a reasonable support for confining smoking. Courts assessing protection procurements in state constitutions have thought same views have been expressed by courts assessing privacy provision in state constitutions. The smokers are not ensured as disabled people by neither the elected Americans with Disabilities Act nor other incapacity discrimination laws As stated by HUD, the PHAs may accept no-smoking strategies in public housing according to their choice, as long as state and native laws allow such approaches, on the grounds that federal laws, including the Fair Housing Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, dont give security to a right to smoke, As long as the requisition to current tenants is postponed for a certain period of time — for instance, until the renewal of the lease. No-smoking policies may be related to both upcoming residents and current occupants (Jonathan.p, 2014). Policies for smoke free for public housing: The authorities who are trying to make smoke-free policy are challenged by the decentralized nature of the proprietorship and management of public housing. Public housing includes a mixture of structures, including openly possessed and sponsored apartment constructions, which as of now house 2.1 million occupants, and voucher or something like that called Section 8 projects, which at present give 4.9 million inhabitants a HUD subsidy to help pay their rent in private housing. These projects are directed by different offices inside HUD, each of them creates their own policies. Furthermore, states may offer additional public housing projects that work without HUD financing. This structure creates conflict in the nature of projects and services provided, and also the strategy making and required practices around the public housing projects and local housing bodies. Reflecting such variety, at present no-smoking approaches are uncommon exemption in relate to the rule among PHAs. Verifiably, HUD had clearly mentioned that it requires PHAs to embrace nor blocks them from receiving smoking free policy for their possessions or projects. On July 17, 2009, the notice of HUD’s signs a significant change in their views on this issue. The notice focuses on the wellbeing impacts of tobacco-smoke exposure, especially around kids and the elderly, and the danger of flame related passings and injuries. PHAs is regulated by HUD that represents a smoking boycott to formalize it my making changes in the yearly plans that they are indulged to record with HUD, which will allow HUD to track the reaction to its observe, and it has advised PHAs to give inhabitants data regarding the smoking-discontinuance assets and projects. The new strategy which is under the control of HUD Office of Public and Indian Housing relates just to publicly claimed multiunit housing. The reaction of PHA’s is difficult to identify. Their business motivation is to give house of smoke-free is short of what that for private landowners. When compared with other residents public housing residents are regularly in a position in which they cant vote with their feet for smoke free units. For the same reason, in any case, PHAs are well developed to execute smoking confinements, despite group safety. the cost for complete sanitization of a two-bedroom unit can surpass $15,000, so PHA,s is taking cost also as an consideration; even the basic cleaning of an unit in which one or more occupants have smoked may require two to three times to the extent that the cleaning of an unit in which there has been no smoking. At the early stages of policy implementation, long haul cost reserve funds may be acknowledged through decrease in cleaning expenses and the danger of flame, and in addition other smoke-related expenses. The best disincentive for PHAs to actualize smoke-free policy may be the test of implementation. Effective components for screening and for reporting revolution might need to be secured, alongside approvals for occupants who dont go along. The risk of ousting cant be wielded gently, both because the method is legally difficult and because ejection weakens the purpose of public-housing programs that is, securing helpless populaces from homelessness. In spite of the fact that overwhelming, these tests to authorization are much the same as those confronted in attempts to authorize different guidelines identifying with public housing, for example, clean codes and antidrug provisions. For instance, HUD has incorporated a Tenancy Addendum for Section 8 rents that allows property holders to expel occupants who take part in drug utilization, wrongdoing, or liquor ill-use in the dwelling. Notwithstanding such instruments, the difficulties of demonstrating a violation and additionally the troubles connected with requirement may discourage PHAs from following up on HUDs proposal to accept smoke-free policy Only the execution of banning of smoking completely will helps in avoiding the contact to tobacco smoke in the home. Modification measures for example, the utilization of fans, air channels, and separate smoking rooms are ineffective. Ridding public housing of tobacco smoke might keep such settings in venture with the pattern to no-smoking approaches in work environments, private lodging, and even private vehicles (Jonathan.p, 2014). Recommendations: The suitable way to reduce the risk of conditions caused by smoking and convincing the people who around you who are trying to quit smoke the smokers who want to smoke have go far off from the non-smokers. The home is the one of best and significant place to keep it smoke free, because children particularly where the children live. An expected 21 million youngsters live in Shomes where an inhabitant or guest normally smokes, and more than a large portion of all American children have measurable levels of cotinine (the breakdown result of nicotine) in their blood. Keeping children (and grown-ups) far from smoke can help lessen their dangers of creating respiratory diseases, extreme asthma, malignancy, and numerous different risky wellbeing condition serous health conditions. Despite the fact that the dangers of presentation to tobacco smoke are settled, and laws which are ordering smoke free indoor air are across the board, private homes have long been recognized places the legitimate range of regulation. Reflecting this view, the national government has not obliged public housing units to be without smoke verifiably, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has kept up that despite the fact that nearby Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) may pick to ban smoking, and they are not needed to do so Conclusion: The utilization of federal regulatory or contractual instruments to guarantee that PHAs execute no-smoking strategies out in the public housing raises moral concerns and useful tests; on the other hand, it is legitimized in light of the damages coming about because of exposure to tobacco smoke, the absence of different streets of lawful change for non-smoking inhabitants of public housing, and the lazy pace at which PHAs have voluntarily executed no-smoking approaches. The same lawful, functional, and health issues that have driven fruitful exertions to make work environments, private vehicles, and private housing without smoke militate energetic about stretching out comparative assurance to the defenseless public smoking populace. Abbreviations SHS: Secondhand Smokers MUD’s: Multiunit Dwellings SIDS; sudden infant death syndrome (HUD) the Department of Housing and Urban Development, (PHAs) Public Housing Authorities, (NNK) nicotine-inferred nitrosamine ketone (ADHD) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (NTP) national toxicological program References: Jonathan.p (2014, April 28). Regulation of Smoking in Public Housing — NEJM. Regulation of Smoking in Public Housing — NEJM. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM CDC (2014, March 5). Health Effects of Second-hand Smoke. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/from Md, w. (2014, April 28). Effects of second-hand smoke. Smoking cessation health center. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.webmd.boots.com/smoking-cessation/health-effects-secondhand-smoke NCBI (US). (n.d.). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 28, 2014,from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53017/

Ecological Change With the Arrival of Europeans in the New World :: American America History

Ecological Change With the Arrival of Europeans in the New World Imagine yourself coming from an overpopulated, intensely manicured development (typical of many Americans) to an Island of immense vegetation and overgrowth. Your job is to develop a productive colony using these unknown plants. Your only guides are the natives of the land - if they are gentle and willing to help. Now forget all you know about ecology and the importance of cultures and think about what you would probably do. What if you had one more chance to go to your native land and bring back with you a few simple things to make your life easier? What would you bring? Most would probably react the same way the Europeans did, bringing seeds and machinery for cultivation with them. The Europeans may have even gone further than needed in their search for a productive product. Europeans were fearful and distrustful of the wild, natural areas. For example, many Europeans considered mountains to be hideous. This was said of the Alps, and many mountainous areas of Europe (Sale 77). They had this agenda to control whatever they could. If the land looked wild it needed tamed to their ideas, even if this made the ecosystem unstable or less productive. The results of their need for control and their lack of knowledge on ecosystems resulted in a reflux of new plants being imported. The most influential plants were the forage or grazing crops. These were brought because the Europeans wanted their own familiar crops to be in the grazing yards. These plants included white clover and "Kentucky" bluegrass. Ironically the Kentucky bluegrass was named so because it preceded west at a faster rate than the colonists, so when they arrived in Kentucky they found it in abundance and named it so. These plants were introduced at least as early as 1685, when William Penn was noted for trying some in his courtyard (2 Crosby 157). These plants spread with the equivalences of weeds. Imported, overgrazing European animals helped in the quick dispersal of these plants. The effect of these new grasses is hard to determine. Many of the indigenous grasses all but disappeared, except for small-untouched areas. The introduced animals helped to pave the way for many of these new plants (2 Crosby, 157). The animals first overgrazed the native plants, which were not adapted for heavy grazing, and then continued overgrazing created a new niche or specialization.

the frog princess :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Frog Princess†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2/6/05 This book is about a princess named Emma who is clumsy always trips over herself and when she laughs she sounds like a donkey. She has an aunt Grassina who’s a witch. She goes to a near by swamp and meets a talking frog. The frog claims to be a prince and he wants her to kiss him. But the princess just goes home and tells nobody, what she found. Feeling bad she goes back to the swamp and decides to kiss the frog to see if he really is a prince. And he said that if she would kiss him that he would turn back into a prince. When she sees the frog again she kisses him. To her surprise it does the opposite of what the frog told her it would and it turns her into a frog. After she realizes that something was wrong Eadric the prince frog teaches her how to live. He teaches her how to eat flies and other important things that frogs must do to stay alive. After a few days they go to find the witch that turned the prince into a frog in the first place. On their scary journey through the swamp they find a witch not however the one they were looking for. The witch brought them home and locked them up. Again having to find the way out and free themselves. They found a way out and let out the other creatures that the witch had caged up. Then they went back on their journey. They go to Emma’s aunts castle and find her aunt and tell her the story of what happened.Then they all make a plan to find a charmed braclet that Emma had lost by the swamp the day she had turned into a frog. Hoping it would help them turn back into human, they find the otter that took it and make up a scam telling him that Emma was a swamp fairy wanting her bracelet back. She gets it back and before they start to leave they run into the real swamp fairy who is mad at them for imitating her.

Shakespeares Hamlet - The Importance of the Ghost Essay -- GCSE Engli

Hamlet and the Non-expendable Ghost   Ã‚   All literary critics agree that the Ghost in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet is not an expendable character. Without the Ghost the show could not go on. He is absolutely essential to the plot, to ever aspect of the drama.    W.H. Clemen in â€Å"Imagery in Hamlet Reveals Character and Theme† describes the pervasive influence which the Ghost’s words have on the entire play:    Perusing the description which the ghost of Hamlet’s father gives of his poisoning by Claudius (I,v) one cannot help being struck by the vividness with which the process of poisoning, the malicious spreading of the disease, is portrayed:    Sleeping within my orchard,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My custom always of the afternoon,      Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And in the porches of my ears did pour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leperous distilment; whose effect   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holds such an enmity with blood of man   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That swift as quicksilver it courses through   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The natural gates and alleys of the body,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And with a sudden vigour doth posset   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And curd, like eager droppings into milk,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The thin and wholesome blood: so did it mine;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And a most instant tetter bark'd about,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All my smooth body.    A real event described at the beginning of the drama has exercised a profound influence upon the whole imagery of the play. What is later metaphor is here still reality. The picture of the leprous skin disease, which is here – in the first act – described by Hamlet’s father, has buried itself deep in Hamlet’s imagination and continues to lead its subterranean existence, as ... ...Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press, 1992. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957. Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.

Christian and Biblical References Hidden Within the Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Christian and Biblical references have been involved in the craft of writing since the birth of religion; or at earliest, the composition of the Bible. Biblical Symbolism in â€Å"Rime of the Ancient Mariner† Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem, which was written in 1797, has been widely discussed throughout literary history. Although critics have come up with many different interpretations of this poem, one idea that has remained prevalent throughout these discussions is the apparent religious symbolism present throughout this poem. The Ancient Mariner contains natural, and biblical symbolism; however, the religious and natural symbolisms, which coincide with one another, play the most important roles in this poem. Apocalyptic and natural symbolism dominates the core of this poem. The biblical symbolism found in this poem mainly reflects the apocalypse, as it deals with the Mariner’s revelation that good will triumph over evil, and his acceptance of all nature as God’s creation. Beginning with the main issues surrounding â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† it is impossible to believe that Coleridge was not thinking of the mysterious wind that blows on the Mariner, without any awareness of the wind as a Biblical symbol of the Holy Spirit. Coleridge could also associate the murder of the albatross with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The reader is told that the Polar Spirit â€Å"loved the bird that loved the man / Who shot him with his bow† (Line 404). Signifying a strong tie/bond between the two. This bond not only relates to the ‘love between the man and the bird,’ but rather, the connection between an individual and religion. It is doubtful that someone with Coleridge’s Christian background and faith could fail to see an analogy with God who loved his son who loved the men that killed him. Trying to further understand the symbolism tied into this poem, it is important to take other sections of the piece into account. Another example of symbolism is the fact that the albatross is hung around the Mariner’s neck like a crucifix. Ah! Well-a-day! What Evil Looks / Had I from old and young! / Instead of the cross, the Albatross / About my neck was hung† (Line 139). As Coleridge writes, the image of the Albatross slung around the neck of the Mariner symbolizes the crucifixion of Christ. The crucifixion of Christ has been discussed for centuries; this Biblical reference of this image is immense. Through the use of words, Coleridge is able to portray a sense of darkness and a loss of hope, comparable to loss of hope when our savior Jesus Christ was nailed to the cross. Looking deeper into the mind of Coleridge and further analyzing his work, another abstract approach to viewing the death of spiritual and/or Biblical reference can be seen by dissecting the text. The â€Å"cross† in â€Å"cross-bow† hints at the murder of Jesus, which logically places the albatross as a symbol for Christ. Since the publication of Coleridge’s piece â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† It is thought by many literary experts that Coleridge deliberately created these symbols and images with Christian meaning in mind; but if true, why? In order for Coleridge to encapsulate the readers full attention and challenge their knowledge these truly hidden symbolisms and literary techniques are needed. Coleridge further attempts to navigate his readers though this work by using references and wording that individual’s can connect with. The apocalypse is heavily reflected upon throughout this poem as Coleridge combined the vivid colors, the ocean, and the death fires of â€Å"The Ancient Mariner† with the terror and desolation of the days of wrath in order to symbolize the true apocalypse. Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down, / ‘Twas sad as sad could be; / And we did speak only break / The Silence of the sea! / All in a hot and copper sky, / The bloody Sun, at noon, / Right above the mast did stand, / No bigger than the moon. / Day after day, day after day, / We stuck, not breath nor motion; / As idle as a painted ship / Upon a painted ocean. † (Lines 107). The section of the poem after the Mariner kills the Albatross is a description of the emptiness and desolation that the Mariners experience, and the curse that is over the ship. This section of the poem has tremendous correspondence to the apocalyptic story. The language and form in this part of the poem represents the images and words, which have traditionally described the wrath of God and the guilt of man in Christian terms. Continuing through the poem one stanza reads, â€Å"The souls did from their bodies fly – / They fled to bliss or woe! / And every soul, it pass’d me by / Like the whizz of my crossbow! † (Line 220). It is at this point in the poem that the Mariner feels the guilt for having killed the Albatross and the deaths of his shipmates. As the Mariner begins to realize the repercussions of his actions he begins to transform. At this point in time the Mariner is beginning to touch the hands of God; he is beginning to see the beauty in all of God’s creatures and the significance of life. Preceding this realization the Mariner begins his transformation as stated above; he understands the curse of the Albatross and the reasons for the death of his crew. His actions haunt him and death appears the only way out. â€Å"An orphan’s curse would drag to hell / A spirit from on high; / But oh! More horrible than that / Is the curse in a dead man’s eye! Seven days, seven nights, I saw that Curse, / and yet I could not die† (Line 257). Cleary seen in the quotation above, the curse resulting in the murder of Albatross left the Mariner viewing death as the only possible option to relieve himself of the haunting, tragic images that left his crew dead. Under the moonlit sky as the Mariner’s ship still sails cursed, but then he witnesses something that changes his perception of God and his faith. â€Å"Beyond the shadow of the ship, / I watch’d the water-snakes: / They moved in tracks of shinning white, / And when they rear’d, the elfish light / Fell off in hoary flakes. Within the shadow of the ship / I watch’d their rich attire: / Blue, glossy green, and velvet black, / They coil’d and swam; and every track / Was a flash of golden fire. / O happy living things! No tongue / Their beauty might declare: / A spring of love gush’d from my heart, / And I bless’d them unaware: / Sure my kind saint took pity on me, / And I bless’d them unaware. / The selfsame moment I could pray; / And from my neck so free / The Albatross fell off, and sank / Like lead into the sea. † (Line 272). It is at this point that the Mariner begins his transformation; leading him closer to God allowing him to see the beauty in ll of God’s creations and creatures as he forms a respect for the presence of God in nature. This reconciliation in the Mariner’s life breaks the curse and shines a light of hope into the eyes of a man who was praying for death. Coleridge uses the wrath and guilt of the apocalypse, but adds his own ideas of divine love and conversion, which lead to paradise. Even though the Mariner must continue with his penance, he is free of God’s wrath and is able to appreciate and love all of nature as God’s creation. Throughout this poem there are many examples of biblical symbolisms in nature. Coleridge uses different elements of nature, such as the sea, as symbols of religious thought or beliefs. The sea is where the decisive events, the moments of eternal choice, temptation, and redemption occur. While at sea, the Mariner makes the eternal choice to kill the Albatross. This choice is eternal because once the Mariner has committed the act of murder; there is nothing that he can do to change it. As a result of the Mariner’s decision, a curse falls over the ship and the Mariner is sentenced to eternal penance. The eternal penance that he must serve is a reminder to the Mariner of the choice that he made. However, even after the death of his soul, the Mariner experiences redemption when he recognizes and learns to love all of God’s creations. It is a known fact that Coleridge’s thoughts and feelings where rarely affected by his beliefs, especially the apocalypse. The apocalyptic story deals with God’s freeing the soul of man from the pains of sin and death, and lifting it into paradise. After the Mariner kills the albatross, he feels as if he is under some sort of curse. However, the Mariner goes through as conversion, which thus releases his soul from the pains of sin and death so that he can once again obtain happiness. There are two essential steps in the conversion process. The first step occurs when imaginative powers mythological appearances of nature, so that the slightest willful act appears to bring down a terrible vengeance. The willful act that the Mariner partakes in is the killing of the Albatross, and the terrible vengeance that occurs as a result of this action is the curse that is cast over the ship. The second part of this conversion process takes place at the greatest moment of hopelessness. At this point, the presence of divine love within humankind appears, and emphasizes the appearance of the natural world. â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† is not a direct religious sermon, but there are many strong references to the Christian religion throughout the poem, which stem from Coleridge’s own religious beliefs. Although Coleridge did not take the religious images in this poem directly from the Bible, much of his inspiration for the poem seems to be based on religious ideas, especially that of the Apocalypse. To conclude, Coleridge integrates natural symbols, which are associated with the religious symbols, in to this poem in order to further emphasize his belief that God is present everywhere in nature, and that one can be sent into this state of paradise when this love for God is discovered. By using imagery from the apocalypse and religious symbolism in nature, Coleridge created an incredible poem, which expresses how the realization of divine love within oneself has the power to heal pain and suffering, while bringing oneself to a state of clarity, tranquility and enlightenment.

Stretch and support Essay

In order to meet the grading criteria for M1 learners need to explain how promotion is integrated with the rest of the marketing mix in a selected organisation to achieve its marketing aims and objectives. Learners will need to have a thorough understanding of the marketing mix and then be able to apply it to the marketing aims and objectives of their selected organisation. Learners could complete the following activity to help them achieve these criteria. Marketing aims and objectives are the targets that are specifically set for the marketing department in order to help the business achieve its corporate aims and objectives, i.e. the aims and objectives for the business as a whole. 1.Research a company that you are familiar with, for example, Walkers crisps. What do you think are the business aims and objectives of the company? 2.Investigate the type of promotions that your chosen company undertakes as a part of the marketing mix, for example, television advertising. Explain how th e promotions that your chosen company uses relates to other elements of the marketing mix by answering the following questions. How does promotion affect price? How does promotion affect product? How does promotion affect place? 3.How does the integration of all elements of the marketing mix help the company meet its corporate aims and objectives? E2 Evaluate and justify promotional mix In order to meet the grading criteria for D1 learners must evaluate and justify the use of an appropriate promotional mix in relation to marketing objectives for the selected organisation. Learners should start by stating the marketing objectives of the company and then carry out the following activity. 1.Write a paragraph about the strengths of your chosen promotional mix. Which element of the promotion mix is the strongest? 2.Write a paragraph about the weaknesses of your chosen promotional mix. Which element of the promotion mix is the weakest? 3.Write a paragraph about how the promotion mix used helps to meet the marketing objectives of the company. 4.Of all the elements in the promotional mix which do you believe to be the strongest in this instance? Justify your answer. E3 Use of  professional agencies in promotions In order to meet the grading criteria for M2 learners must be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages of using professional agencies in ensuring promotional success. To do this, learners will need to look at the relative merits of using a professional agency over an in-house team. Learners could be shown or seek out examples of promotional campaigns created by professional agencies, for example, television or print advertisements, and then answer the following questions. 1.Which aspects of the campaign(s) do you think an in-house team could perform without the use of a professional agency? 2.Which aspects of the campaign(s) do you think required a professional agency? Justify your answers to both questions. E4 Rationale for a promotional campaign The grading criteria for M3 requires learners to provide a rationale for a promotional campaign. Learners will need to be able to identify each element of a promotional campaign and explain its role. Learners must also say why each element is important in order to develop their analysis. Learners could be given the following task to complete in preparation for the assignment. A health club organisation is planning a new fitness centre in your area. The company has a budget of  £20,000 and will be running its promotional campaign for two months before opening. The company needs to attract a large number of people to sign up for a one-year membership contract. It is targeting the club at both men and women. Using the information above, answer the following questions. 1.Are all elements of the promotional campaign important? Justify your answer. 2.If you have identified some elements that are not important to the campaign, do you think they are required at all?